Whether level 1 predictors should be centered per cluster has received considerable attention in the multilevel literature. While most agree that there is no one preferred approach, it has also been argued that cluster mean centering is desirable when the within-cluster slope and the between-cluster slope are expected to deviate, and the main interest is in the within-cluster slope. However, we...

introduction: transportation is an important iatrogenic endodontic error which might cause failure. this study evaluated the canal transportation caused by neoniti and protaper instruments, using cone-beam computed tomography (cbct) cross sections. methods and materials: this in vitro experimental study was performed on 40 mesiobuccal roots of maxillary first molars. the teeth were scanned with...

Due to lack of the proper and well behavior of steel moment-resisting connections subjected to the great and major earthquakes, excessive researches have been conducted to mitigate the damages on the primary elements and connections. Therefore, elimination of residual drift and increasing the plastic rotation capacity for the connectors in the panel zone are required. The main purpose of this s...

Kim, Mi-Kyung. 2003. A Centering Dynamics Approach to Zero Pronouns in Korean. Discourse and Cognition 10.3, 57-73. This study examines 249 utterances from a corpus of newspaper articles, focusing on the distribution of zero subjects and zero objects. Two kinds of approach, centering theory in Grosz et al. (1995) and centering dynamics in Kameyama (1996, 1998), are compared to find out which ap...

1 Overview To provide context for the discussions of centering that appear in this volume, we review our previous research on global focusing and centering and discuss central unsolved problems in the theory of centering. This paper does not provide a comprehensive review of work on centering, as this volume in its entirety serves that purpose. Rather we present our view of the history of cente...

I propose that tense and mood paradigms are grammatical centering systems. Specifically, English tenses form a temporal centering system, which monitors and updates topic times, whereas Kalaallisut moods form a modal centering system, which monitors and updates modal discourse referents. Nevertheless, English and Kalaallisut translation equivalents converge on the same truth conditions, due to ...

Our original paper (Grosz, Joshi, and Weinstein, 1983) on centering claimed that certain entities mentioned in an utterance were more central than others and that this property imposed constraints on a speaker's use of different types of referring expression. Centering was proposed as a model that accounted for this phenomenon. We argued that the compatibility of centering properties of an utte...

In this paper we compare pronoun resolution algorithms and introduce a centering algorithm (LeftRight Centering) that adheres to the constraints and rules of centering theory and is an alternative to Brennan, Friedman, and Pollard's (1987) algorithm. We then use the Left-Right Centering algorithm to see if two psycholinguistic claims on Cf-list ranking will actually improve pronoun resolution a...