در این پایان نامه به بررسی ایدآل های اوّل و ابتدائی فازی و رادیکال های آنها می پردازیم. ابتدا به تعاریف اصلی و نتایج منطق فازی در فصل اوّل اشاره می کنیم و در فصل دوم به تعاریف و قضایای مربوط به مجموعه ها و ایدآل های فازی پرداخته، درنهایت در فصل سوم خصوصیات ایدآل های ابتدائی فازی ورادیکال آنها درحلقه های تعویض پذیرمورد بحث و بررسی قرارمی گیرد‎.‎ ایدآل ‎$a$‎ از ‎$r$‎ ایدآل ابتدائی فازی است اگر برا...

abstract the purpose of this study was to find out the effect of applying the principles of group-dynamic assessment (g-da) on learning of conditional structures in english by iranian efl learners at the intermediate level, which according to the formal educational system in iran, includes students who are in their second year of studying in high schools of koohdasht city. this study was a qua...

the present paper investigates how far ideologies can be tease out in discourse by examining the employed schemata by two ideologically opposed news media, the bbc and press tv, to report syria crisis during a period of nine months in 2011. by assuming that news is not a valuefree construction of facts and drawing on micro structural approach of schema theory, for the first time in discours...

the present study sought to examine whether a task-based approach could have an impact on raising awareness of collocations. moreover, it sought to investigate the facilitative role of consciousness-raising tasks of collocations in the communicative instances of use. to this end, 68 intermediate learners of english were selected via a placement test. the participants were taught with classroom ...

هدف از این پایان نامه تعمیم قضایای بوهلر (1969)، هید (1971) و هید - براون (1971) در یک فرایند شاخه ای با محیط تصادفی است. برای فرایند شاخه ای $ lbrace z_{n} brace _ {ngeq0 } $ ، با فرض $ z_{0}=1 $ و $ m= e(z_{1}) in (0,infty) $، می دانیم $ w_{n}=z_{n}/m^{n} $ یک مارتینگل نامنفی و تقریبا مطمئن به متغیر تصادفی $ w_{infty} $ همگراست. برای نرخ همگرایی این مارتینگل، هید و بوهلر به ترتیب نتیجه گرف...

the research questions were as follows: 1. is there any relationship between the students concious awareness of the form and implications of the conjuncations and their improvement in using appropriate conjunctions? 2. does students knowledge of the from and the implications of the conjunctions help them to produce more coherent writings. 3. does a comparison between english conjunctions and th...

the purpose of the research is to examine if integrating cooperative learning into vocabulary learning helps to increase word recognition of students in an elementary school in iran. it tries to investigate whether cooperative learning approach enables students to improve their language learning. this research used stad (students team achievement division) as a cooperative model in this study. ...

postcolonial feminism, also dubbed as third world feminism, is an innovative approach, demonstrating the way women of colonized countries suffer from both native patriarchies and imperial ideology. also due to this double-colonization, postcolonial feminists contend that third world women are subjected to both colonial domination of empire and male domination of patriarchy. while western femini...

the importance of writing as a complex skill in applied linguistics has drawn the attention of many researchers to evaluate textbooks in order to help learners gain self-sufficiency and autonomy in the field of language use and communication. investigations have shown that developments in textbooks evaluation can promote the quality of pedagogies and consequently the learning. this study attemp...

the present study attempts to discover ideological differences between alcott’s novel (1868) named “little women” and its two persian translations. the first has been translated by morvarid and the second has been translated by obeidi. to this end, farahzad’s cda approach (2012) was used to analyze the ideology reflected in both translations by the two different translators. according to farahz...