the development of culture media able to mimic the preovulatory stage of follicular environment and support nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation of oocyte is important for in-vitro fertilization (ivf) programs. it seems that the best culture media for embryonic development and cell cleavage is the natural composition which surrounds the oocyte which has been used occasionally in human ivf program...

introduction: the value of embryonic stem-like cells in cloning is obvious. production of cloned animals can be achieved by introduction of these cells into a tetraploid embryo. tetraploid embryo is used as a feeder for development of embryonic stem-like cells and can be produced in vitro by electro-fusion of 2-cell embryos. the aim of this study was to ass,essthe effect of voltage alteration a...

background: the values of embryonic stem cell and cloning are evident. production of clone from embryonic stem cells can be achieved by introduction of stem cell into a tetraploid blastocyst. tetraploid blastocyst can be produced in vitro by electrofusion of 2-cell embryos. objective: the aim of this study was to assess the effect of different voltages and durations on fusion rate of bovine 2-c...

Background and Aims: The caspases are unique proteases that mediate the host cell apoptosis during viral infection. In this study, we identified the caspase cleavage motifs of H5N1 and H9N2 influenza viruses isolated during 1998-2012. Materials and Methods: Amino acid sequences of the eleven proteins encoded by the viruses as the caspase substrates downloaded from NCBI. The caspase cleavage mot...

the aim of this study was to compare the effect of time of parthenogenetic activation (22 hr versus 27 hr after in vitro maturation-ivm) on in vitro development of ovine oocytes using either single (ionomycin 5 ?m for 5 min or ethanol 7% for 7 min) or combined (ionomycin and ethanol with 6-dmap 2 mm for 3 hr) activation treatments. the abattoir-derived in vitro matured activated oocytes were cu...

Recently, we demonstrated chromosome instability (CIN) in human cleavage stage embryogenesis following in vitro fertilization (IVF). CIN not necessarily undermines normal human development (i.e. when remaining normal diploid blastomeres develop the embryo proper), however it can spark a spectrum of conditions, including loss of conception, genetic disease and genetic variation development. To s...

celecoxib, a specific cyclooxygenase-2 (cox-2) inhibitor, has been shown to possess antitumor activity in a variety of cancer cells. however, the antitumor activity of two synthesized cox-2 inhibitor derivatives ( a and b ) on human myeloid leukemia (k562) and breast adenocarcinoma (mcf-7) cancer cells has not been well established. this study was designed to investigate the morphological chang...

Genetic aberrations are commonly seen in human preimplantation embryos. Non-disjunction and premature division of a chromosome are common in both meiosis and mitosis divisions. The expected result for meiotic aneuploidies is full aneuploidy in the later stages whereas mosaicism is the most frequent event in the cleavage and blastocyst stages. The main causes for mosaicism are post-zygotic event...

background and aims: the caspases are unique proteases that mediate the host cell apoptosis during viral infection. in this study, we identified the caspase cleavage motifs of h5n1 and h9n2 influenza viruses isolated during 1998-2012. materials and methods: amino acid sequences of the eleven proteins encoded by the viruses as the caspase substrates downloaded from ncbi. the caspase cleavage mot...