OVERVIEW: Improved measurement repeatability of new CD-SEM systems for the 65-nm node has increased demand for ways to deal with pattern roughness and other new issues that have emerged as device feature sizes have continued to shrink. Hitachi Group’s newest generation CD-SEM developed for the 65-nm node and beyond, is now available. A range of elemental technologies are now under investigation...

Cyclodextrin (CD) molecules are polycyclic glucose oligomers that have a hydrophilic exterior and a hydrophobic cavity. This structure provides CD the characteristic of enhancing the solubility of groundwater pollutants. The degree to which CD increases the apparent aqueous solubility of certain chemicals has been defined as the solubility enhancement factor (SEF). In this study, a novel and ex...

Cyclodextrin (CD) capped CdTe quantum dots (QDs) were prepared with uniform dimension (average diameter ∼5 nm) and high quantum yield (ca. 65%). By taking advantage of the inclusion complexation of CD, β-CD-CdTe QDs exhibited strong fluorescence quenching in a linear relationship with the concentration of o-, m- and p-nitrophenol in the range of 20-100 μM. The detection limit reached 0.05 μM fo...

Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder induced by gluten intake in susceptible individuals, and characterized by intestinal and extraintestinal findings due to malabsorption caused by intestinal mucosa inflammation and villus atrophy. CD is an important risk factor for the development of malignancy including lymphoma and gastrointestinal tumors and renal failure. In this paper we present...

Prompt γ-ray activation analysis using the internal monostandard method was applied to organs taken from rats. After B, Cd, or Hg was injected into the rats, the content ratios of B/H, Cd/H, and Hg/H were determined in the brain, kidney, liver, bone, and muscle to study their distribution and metabolism. B was distributed in all organs but was metabolized rapidly. Cd slowly accumulated in the l...

Objectives Transabdominal ultrasonography (US) has been reported as a useful tool for evaluating Crohn's disease (CD) activity. Endoscopic findings and activity index (CDAI) are currently considered the gold standard assessing CD We assessed correlation between US double-balloon endoscopy (DBE), CDAI Methods analyzed patients with undergoing DBE within 10 days procedures. The intestine was divi...

BACKGROUND Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal and the components of tobacco and scalp hair effectively reflect a long-term environmental exposure. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the concentration of Cd levels in the hair of children with recurrent wheezing, and to evaluate the predictors of elevated Cd levels with a focus on anthropometric, environmental, and dietary factors. ...

A xylanase gene, xynX, of Clostridium thermocellum had one thermostabilizing domain (TSD) between the signal peptide sequence and the catalytic domain (CD). The TSD of a truncated xylanase gene, xynX'(TSD-CD), was transpositioned from the N terminus to the C terminus of the CD by overlapping PCRs, and a modified product, xynX'(CD-TSD), was constructed. XynX'(TSD-CD) had a higher optimum tempera...