energy as an important production factor has significant effects on economic growth. identifying the relationship between energy and economic growth can help to improve governmental energy policies. applying ardl and ecm methods, this paper examines the longrun and shortrun causality relationships between (1) energy consumption and economic growth and (2) energy consumption and employment in va...

abstract in this paper, we examine relationship between financial intermediary development variables and values added of agricultural sector in iran during 1352 to 1385. the five indices derived from the banking system as a financial intermediary development indicators, that define in related to the agricultural sector, and with the introduction of statistic methods of factor analysis and its a...

this study attempts to investigate the effect of oil returns and external debt on the government expenditure in syria over the period 1970-2010. the johansen cointegration test showed that oil returns and external debt have a positive and significant long run relationship with government expenditure. the granger causality test indicates unidirectional short-run causality relationships running f...

iran is one of the most concentrated areas of afghan migrants and refugees. most afghans dispersed throughout the country mixed with iranian households. the majority of afghan immigrants are typically unskilled and illegal workers. this study aims at investigating the nature of the causal relationship between afghan immigrants and two main labor market indicators, average wages and unemployment...

Introduction: The causal dynamics between environment, health expenditures and economic growth has recently started to be studied in the economics literature for both developing and developed countries. Methods: This study examines the causal relationship between CO2 emissions, health expenditures and economic growth using dynamic simultaneous-equations models for Iran over the period 1972-2...

This study attempts to investigate the effect of oil returns and external debt on the government expenditure in Syria over the period 1970-2010. The Johansen cointegration test showed that oil returns and external debt have a positive and significant long run relationship with government expenditure. The Granger causality test indicates unidirectional short-run causality relationships running f...

Theories on the relationship between money and inflation had largely been shaped around the positive relationship and money causality for inflation before the Post-Keynesians. Since the 1980s, this idea emerged that there might be no correlation between money growth and inflation. In the case of existence, the causality is reversed, so money is endogenous somehow. However, practically there is ...

This study aims to evaluate the link between economic growth and consumer price index (CPI) in Japan for the period of 1980-2014. Initial series were adjusted for stationarity using the Augmented Dickey- Fuller (ADF) test for unit root followed by the application of Johansen Co-integration Test in order to examine the long-run relationship among the variables, while the causalities were evaluat...