Using K-Causal relation introduced by Sorkin and Woolgar , we generalize results of Garcia-Parrado and Senovilla 7 on causal maps. We also introduce new concepts like K-future sets,K-reflecting and K-future distinguishing space-times, and prove some of their properties.This approach is simpler and more general as compared to traditional causal approach 2,3 and it has been used by Penrose et.al ...

Abstract Disjunctivists maintain that perceptual experiences and hallucinatory are distinct kinds of event with different metaphysical natures. Moreover, given their view about the nature cases, disjunctivists must deny kind experience can occur during hallucination. However, it is widely held grant converse claim, to effect occurs even perception. This paper challenges thought. As we will see,...

cerato-ulmin is the most important toxin of fungal causal agents of dutch elm disease and its content is one of the most important factors to distinguish two species ophiostoma ulmi and o. novo-ulmi. with attention to the ophiostoma novo-ulmi is more pathogenicity than o. ulmi, this research was carried out to discuss the role of cerato-ulmin on pathogenicity of causal agent using measurement o...

this study is aimed at identifying and comparing the factors impacting on happy, stable marriages lasting more than 20 years and the factors influencing divorcing couples. using purposeful sampling, the sampling process continued until theoretical saturation. the obtained data were analyzed on the basis of grounded theory. the results indicate that a journey toward a thriving or dissolving marr...

In this paper, we discuss several concepts in causal inference in terms of causal diagrams proposed by Pearl (1993, 1995a, b), and we give conditions for non-confounding, homogeneity and collapsibility for causal e€ects without knowledge of a completely constructed causal diagram. We ®rst introduce the concepts of non-confounding, conditional non-confounding, uniform non-confounding, homogeneit...