in recent decades, issuing of catastrophe bonds for covering the catastrophe losses such as earthquakes, floods, etc. are getting more widespread. the purpose of this paper is determination of the optimal interest rates for investors of these securities, so that it becomes attractive for them. this paper uses fire insurance data in the period of 1328 to 1388 and considers the peaks over thresho...

In the insurance market, the insurers who provide catastrophe insurance face with the risk of rare, but huge catastrophe claims. The introduction of catastrophe related securities into the marketplace provide the insurers the instruments to hedge some of the catastrophe risks they are facing. A catastrophe related security is tied to the prespecified catastrophe claims, while independent to oth...

The pest catastrophe prediction in ecology catastrophe is one of important part in expert system of intelligence agriculture for prevent and control pest catastrophe occurrence efficiently. The paper introduces the basic principles and methods of current catastrophe prediction in ecology. By modeling for the dynamic process of population, up-grown and amount of spawn, the paper finds out the tr...

in this paper using catastrophe theory, we investigate non-smooth changes in tehran stock exchange. stock market crashes bring not only panic among investors, but also in deeper market lead to recession and decrease in consumer's confidence. as catastrophe theory is strong tool in explaining nonlinear phenomena, by applying stochastic cusp catastrophe model we examine sudden change in tehr...

Microtubules are key structural and transport elements in cells. The dynamics at microtubule ends are characterized by periods of slow growth, followed by stochastic switching events termed "catastrophes," in which microtubules suddenly undergo rapid shortening. Growing microtubules are thought to be protected from catastrophe by a GTP-tubulin "cap": GTP-tubulin subunits add to the tips of grow...

Dynamical phenomena such as bistability and hysteresis have been found in a number of studies on perception of apparent motion. We show that new developments in stochastic catastrophe theory make it possible to test models of these phenomena empirically. Catastrophe theory explains discontinuous changes in responses caused by continuous changes in experimental parameters. We propose catastrophe...

In recent years catastrophe reinsurers' use of catastrophe models has been increasing until currently virtually all of the catastrophe reinsurers in the world use a catastrophe model to aid them in their pricing and portfolio management decisions. This paper explicitly models various types of reinstatement provisions, including reinstatements that are limited by the number of occurrences and by...

Mitotic catastrophe is a common phenomenon occurring in tumor cells with impaired p53 function exposed to various cytotoxic and genotoxic agents. The defective p53 checkpoint causes improper segregation of chromosomes, resulting in aberrant mitosis, multiple micronuclei, multinucleate giant cells, and eventual necrosis-like death and centrosome aberration. Although various descriptions explaini...

This study provides evidence of the potential hedging effectiveness of insurance derivatives based on regional estimates of catastrophe losses. We estimate the percentage of insurers’ by line and state underwriting risk that could have been eliminated over the 1974 through 1994 period if they had hedged using state-specific catastrophe derivatives based on Property Claims Service (PCS) reported...

Microtubules are dynamic filaments whose ends alternate between periods of slow growth and rapid shortening as they explore intracellular space and move organelles. A key question is how regulatory proteins modulate catastrophe, the conversion from growth to shortening. To study this process, we reconstituted microtubule dynamics in the absence and presence of the kinesin-8 Kip3 and the kinesin...