Cut-to-length (CTL) timber harvesting technology currently accounts for approximately 90% of Caspian forests. The technology involves felling, branching, cross-cutting, and then the skidder carries the logs to a landing, where the timber is temporarily stored, sorted and assembled for transportation to the mill. Cut-to-length systems typically require less labor, less access road construction, ...

Cut-to-length (CTL) timber harvesting technology currently accounts for approximately 90% of Caspian forests. The technology involves felling, branching, cross-cutting, and then the skidder carries the logs to a landing, where the timber is temporarily stored, sorted and assembled for transportation to the mill. Cut-to-length systems typically require less labor, less access road construction, ...

Cut-to-length (CTL) timber harvesting technology currently accounts for approximately 90% of Caspian forests. The technology involves felling, branching, cross-cutting, and then the skidder carries the logs to a landing, where the timber is temporarily stored, sorted and assembled for transportation to the mill. Cut-to-length systems typically require less labor, less access road construction, ...

economic and environmental logging is important for sustainable wood production in the caspian forests, north of iran. predetermination of the skid trail network and directional felling is a usual recommended method to reduce logging impact. the aim of this study was evaluation of directional felling and finding factors effective on felling error. totally 135 trees were selected randomly for di...

information on the productivity, costs and applications of the logging system is a key component in the evaluation of management plans for the rehabilitation and utilization of caspian forests. skidding and road construction costs are expensive forest operations. determining the optimum forest road network density is one of the most important factors in sustainable forest management. logging me...

Moist and temperate Caspian forests are associated with a diversity of soil types and topography.  Although, natural history and ecological attributes of the Caspian vegetation is well-documented, little is known about mycorrhizae of the Caspian (Hyrcanian) flora. Samples of herbaceous plant species were collected from 4 pre-determined altitudes (-13 upto about 1500m above sea level, appro...

Moist and temperate Caspian forests are associated with a diversity of soil types and topography.  Although, natural history and ecological attributes of the Caspian vegetation is well-documented, little is known about mycorrhizae of the Caspian (Hyrcanian) flora. Samples of herbaceous plant species were collected from 4 pre-determined altitudes (-13 upto about 1500m above sea level, appro...

the aim of this study was to determine the optimal cutting cycle in an uneven-aged beech forest in the north of iran. first of all, a logistic growth model was determined for an uneven aged forest. then, the stumpage price was predicted via an autoregressive model. the average stumpage price of beech was derived from actual timber, round wood, fire and pulpwood prices at road side minus the var...

we investigated the relations among infection intensity of european mistletoe (viscum album l.) with host tree features in nour forest park, located in caspian forests in north of iran. the number of 30 circular plots with an area of 0.1 ha were sampled in all places have an aggregation of infested trees. parameters including dbh, height, distance to stand edge, distance to conspecific tree, ba...