discussion transthoracic echocardiography disclosed massive pericardial effusion, respiratory variation in mitral and tricuspid inflow e velocity, increased diastolic flow reversal with expiration in the hepatic vein, septum deviation in inspiration toward the left ventricle (lv), preserved lv function, and inferior vena caval (ivc) dilation without any collapse in inspiration. chest computed t...

Although chronic granulomatous inflammation (CGI) with concomitant caseous necrosis (CN) is a characteristic histological feature of tuberculosis (TB), few studies have investigated its frequency or various pathologic findings. The medical records of 227 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) -negative, culture-positive TB patients who underwent biopsy were studied. After the frequency of character...

Case: Isolated talus osteomyelitis caused by Koch's bacillus (BK) is extremely rare. In this paper we report an isolated talus bone tuberculosis in a 52 year-old man who presented a 2-month history of swelling, pain and functional disability of his right ankle. Surgical bone curetting and histological examination showed granuloma with central caseating necrosis. Acid fast stain and PCR examin...

case: isolated talus osteomyelitis caused by koch's bacillus (bk) is extremely rare. in this paper we report an isolated talus bone tuberculosis in a 52 year-old man who presented a 2-month history of swelling, pain and functional disability of his right ankle. surgical bone curetting and histological examination showed granuloma with central caseating necrosis. acid fast stain and pcr exa...

Granulomas are clusters of immune cells. These structures can be formed in reaction to infection and display signs of necrosis, such as in tuberculosis. Alternatively, in several immune disorders, such as sarcoidosis, Crohn's disease and common variable immunodeficiency, non-caseating granulomas are formed without an obvious infectious trigger. Despite advances in our understanding of the human...

In this article we present a 53-year-old lady, who had progressive indurated skin lesions on her both forearms since 3 months ago, without skin discoloration. Chest x-ray showed parahilar lymphadenopathy, in high resolution CT (HRCT) scan evaluation multiple lymph nodes in upper and middle mediastinum were reported. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) level was increased to 81 (normal 5-5...

BACKGROUND Caseating granulomas are often associated with a mycobacterial infection (TB) and are thought to be exceedingly rare in cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). However, no large series has accurately documented the incidence of caseating granulomas in CL. METHODS A multiregional cohort consisting of 317 patients with CL [Syria (157), Pakistan (66), Lebanon (47), Saudi Arabia (43), Ethiopia (...

Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) antagonists are an established therapeutic option in Crohn's disease and rheumatoid arthritis. In recently published studies these agents have been used with great success, but little is known about any side effects or long term consequences. They increase the frequency of infections with mycobacteria, where TNFalpha is thought to be an important host def...

UNLABELLED Tuberculosis of the breast (BT) is a rare extrapulmonary localization for tuberculosis that mainly affects young women during their child-bearing years. OBJECTIVE We report eight cases of BT and describe its clinical characteristics, outcomes, and differential diagnoses. PATIENTS AND METHODS This retrospective study collected all cases of BT diagnosed at our hospital's infectious...