background  & aim: case-crossover  studies are the case-control  version of crossover studies. in these studies, cases and controls are the same subjects. the term crossover is applied for designs that all subjects pass through both treatment (exposure) and placebo (non-exposure) phases. in fact they are  crossover  of  subjects  between  periods  of  exposure  and  non-exposure.  this  design ...

the purpose of this study was to determine the clinical significance of changes in the plasma  adiponectin  concentration  in  patients  with  bronchial  asthma  and  to  test  the association between the single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) rs2241766 and rs1501299 in the adipoq gene and bronchial asthma in the chinese li population.we selected 120 cases and 120 controls, and plasma adiponect...

conclusions the findings suggested that according to the ecological conditions of ahvaz, a family history of ms may increase the risk of developing ms. results in both cases and controls, no significant associations were found between arab ethnicity and incidence of ms, marital status and risk of ms in ahvaz, or more than 15-year residency in ahvaz, birth in khuzestan, and month of birth and th...

background: tuberculosis (tb) is still a major cause of morbidity and mortality in both developed and developing countries. delay in accessing tuberculosis care is associated with the highest densities of mycobacterium tuberculosis (m. tuberculosis) bacilli on sputum smears. objectives: the current study aimed to determine the extent of delay, and the major health system contributing factors to...

background and objectives: multiple sclerosis (ms) is the most prevalent autoimmune disease of the central nervous system, and it has been suggested that nutrition might play a role in the etiology of ms. this study was aimed to evaluate the relationship between ms risk and intake of some macro- and micro-nutrients in tehran (iran). materials and methods: in this hospital based, case-control st...