background and objectives: beta-thalassemia continues to be a cause of significant burden to the society particularly in the poorer developing countries. although sophisticated methods of screening have become available, a hunt for a cheap, rapid, objective screening method still remains elusive. thus, the objectives are to study the validity of naked-eye-single-tube-osmotic-fragility-test (nes...

Background and Objectives: Beta-thalassemia continues to be a cause of significant burden to the society particularly in the poorer developing countries. Although sophisticated methods of screening have become available, a hunt for a cheap, rapid, objective screening method still remains elusive. Thus, the objectives are to study the validity of Naked-Eye-Single-Tube-Osmotic-Fragility-Test (NES...

background the household transmission of hepatitis b virus (hbv) is a major health problem. the prevalence rate of this infection is reported about 11% to 57% among family members of hbsag carriers. objectives this study was conducted to evaluate serological determinants of chronic hepatitis b infection, especially hbsag positivity, among family members of asymptomatic hbsag positive carriers i...

A typical signature of charge extraction in disordered organic systems is dispersive transport, which implies a distribution of charge carrier mobilities that negatively impact on device performance. Dispersive transport has been commonly understood to originate from a time-dependent mobility of hot charge carriers that reduces as excess energy is lost during relaxation in the density of states...

The carrier transport properties in nanocrystalline semiconductors and organic materials play a key role for modern organic/inorganic devices such as dye-sensitized (DSC) and organic solar cells, organic and hybrid light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic field-effect transistors, and electrochemical sensors and displays. Carrier transport in these materials usually occurs by transitions in a bro...

From a numerical solution of the master equation for hopping transport in a disordered energy landscape with a Gaussian density of states, we determine the dependence of the charge-carrier mobility on temperature, carrier density, and electric field. Experimental current-voltage characteristics in devices based on semiconducting polymers are excellently reproduced with this unified description ...

A theoretical formula based on carrier scattering in systems with a certain degree of disorder has been derived, which describes well the buildup transients of persistent photoconductivity and carrier transport due to the conduction-band tail states in semiconductor alloys. Important parameters, including the distribution of tail states caused purely by alloy disorder, can be obtained by compar...

Contagious equine metritis (CEM) has given rise to international concern since it was first recognized as a novel venereal disease of equids in 1977 and the etiologic agent was identified as a previously undescribed bacterium, Taylorella equigenitalis. Horse industry concerns over CEM centered on the ease with which this bacterium could be disseminated, the significance of T. equigenitalis as a...

The space- and temperature-dependent electron distribution $n(\mathbf r,T)$ is essential for the theoretical description of opto-electronic properties disordered semiconductors. We present two powerful techniques to access without solving Schr\"odinger equation. First, we derive density non-degenerate electrons by applying Hamiltonian recursively random wave functions (RWF). Second, obtain a ef...