Elizabeth Bishop (1911-1979) was a Pulitzer-prize winning American poet who did not produce much published work in her career. This was partly due to her low confidence, depression, alcoholism, and difficult personal life, but it was also due to her meticulousness as a poet. Colleagues and critics praised her strong description and mastery of technique, but criticized her early work as lacking ...

In this article I argue that an approach relying on metatheatrical analysis and Bakhtin’s Carnivalesque could account for the apparent subversivism of boy actor’s cross-dressing Renaissance stage: stage was rather part a sanctioned, conservative transgression. Comedy – linked to carnivalesque features shares with carnival its conservatively transgressive quality. The frequency references actors...

Much academic work has argued that alcohol policy in England over the past 25 years can be characterised as neoliberal, particularly in regard to the night-time economy and attempts to address "binge" drinking. Understanding neoliberalism as a particular "mentality of government" that circumscribes the range of policy options considered appropriate and practical for a government to take, this a...

Mikhail Bakhtin, a prominent Russian philosopher of the 20th century, contributed to field philology and literary studies by propounding conceptions in several domains one which is foremost term ‘carnivalesque’. As it locution related ‘carnival’, utmost significance define this term. The deriving from Lantern period at time Romans, phenomenon all rules our daily lives, restrictions, regulations...

The present study sets out to investigate the narrator’s textual position in Grass’s The Tin Drum. Although authorial self-dramatization through affinities with one or more characters in the work is undeniable, this study mainly concentrates on the inner interpenetrations of heteroglot utterances as uttered by an unreliable first-person narrator, Oskar Matzerath, in the light of the Bakhtinian ...