biosensors are classes of sensors in which at least a biological process is used in sensing procedure. they are generally composed of three parts: a sensing element, a transducer, and a signal processor (or detector). they can be categorized by type of sensing materials or by detection techniques. from their invention time up to now, various biological species have been analyzed using variety o...

Background: Health care associated infections (HAIs) are a class of infections that infect patients during hospital admissions and receive medical services. These infections occurs within 48 to 72 hours of admission and up to 6 weeks after discharge. Surveillance of device-associated infections (DAIs) in intensive care units (ICUs) is substantial in planning healthcare strategies. This study wa...

device-associated nosocomial infection is a significant part of nosocomial infection and can cause the majority of its mortality, morbidity, extra lengths of hospital stay and cost. in a 13-year review, the online database was searched for full articles to find research on epidemiology of device-associated nosocomial infection in pediatric and neonatal wards. twenty two papers were included fiv...

The purpose of this study is to enhance the feasibility of daily peak-flow monitoring of asthmatic children by proposing a daily asthma care diary. This diary is designed to daily record asthma symptoms and to take care of asthmatic children's condition. The proposed asthma diary consists of two parts functioning collaboratively: the peakflow meter and the data collection station. The peak flow...

conclusions evidence-based post-insertion recommended care practices were not consistently and uniformly implemented in the intensive care units. establishment of a program for the surveillance of adherence to recommended guidelines is required for improving compliance by health professionals and the quality of preventive care. background healthcare-associated infections (hais) are acquired by ...

OBJECTIVE A randomized controlled trial compared a reusable device combining cold and vibration to standard care for pediatric venous access pain relief. METHODS Pediatric emergency department patients received either the cold vibration device placed 5 to 10 cm proximally throughout venipuncture or standard care control (primarily vapocoolant spray). Block randomization of patients with or wi...