in this investigation, 25 adult new zealand white rabbits randomly selected from both sexes and studied.coloured latex injection and corrosion cast methods were applied on the materials. this study was carried out to disclose the distribution of the cardiac veins of the new zealand white rabbits. the veins that drain the heart were found to be the great cardiac vein, the middle cardiac vein, th...

total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (tapvc) is an anomaly in which the pulmonary veins are directly connected to one of the systemic veins or drain into the right atrium. management of pulmonary hypertension after the total correction of this congenital cardiac anomaly is very important. unligation of the vertical vein in the supracardiac type of this anomaly can be a draining pathway f...

In this investigation, 25 adult New Zealand White rabbits randomly selected from both sexes and studied.Coloured latex injection and corrosion cast methods were applied on the materials. This study was carried out to disclose the distribution of the cardiac veins of the New Zealand White rabbits. The veins that drain the heart were found to be the great cardiac vein, the middle cardiac vein, th...

CT scans in four cases of chronic superior vena cava or left brachiocephalic vein obstruction demonstrate a systemic-to-cardiac collateral venous pathway through anastomoses between the pericardial branches of systemic veins and the presumed adventitial veins of the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk. These adventitial veins then drain into tributaries of the anterior cardiac veins or ventricu...

Stroke remains a devastating complication following cardiac surgery. Pulmonary vein thrombi (PVT) are believed to be rare, but I have reported 37 cases of PVT in elderly patients with chest pain since 2012, indicating that PVT are not unusual. The present case showed that PVT can make a network among four pulmonary veins and left atrium. Currently, PVT are not recognized as a risk factor for is...

Background: The coronary venous system is increasingly targeted for pacing in patients with severe heart failure. The recent advancement of Multi-Detector Computed Tomography (MDCT) allows accurate analysis of the coronary arteries, but little data exist on its role in assessing cardiac venous anatomy. The aim of the present study was to investigate the feasibility of using MDCT in evaluating t...

Abstract Dual drainage or double-connection total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) is a rare variant in which all four veins enter common chamber that then drains into the systemic via two more channels at supracardiac, cardiac, infra-cardiac levels. The traditional classification of connection (TAPVC) does not categorize dual separately. We present case TAPVR with 6-year-old child var...