Using a strain-controlled rheometer, rhelogical characterization of carbopol 940 has been made in steady shear and start-up flow fields. In this study, aqueous carbopol 940 solutions with different concentrations were used to provide a fundamental information in application of pharmaceutical and cosmetic areas.

Carbomer gel was prepared with 300mM D-sorbitol (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) and 10mM HEPES free acid (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) in heated distilled water. A gelling agent, carbomer 940 (Snowdrift Farm, Tucson, AZ), was added to the heated sorbitol solution under constant stirring, to reach a concentration of 0.3%, based on a weight percent. Once the carbomer was completely dissolved in t...

This work studies the application of a 2(3) factorial design to a cosmetic gel with the aim of simplifying the analysis of the influence of the concentration of Carbopol ETD 2020 (cb), of ethanol (et) and of glycerin (gl) on the viscoelastic parameters: equilibrium modulus (Gn), critical molecular weight (Mc), degree of structuring (logG'/lognu) and viscous modulus (G"). We have obtained high l...

The Formaldehyde-Sulfite (FS) and the Formaldehyde-Sulfite-Gluconolactone (FSG) systems are examples of complex chemical reactions accompanied by well-controlled variations in pH. While the FS system exhibits a clock behavior, in the FSG reaction, this mechanism is coupled with the hydrolysis of the gluconolactone which gives the possibility to show large temporal oscillations of pH in an open ...

objective- to evaluate the application of carbomer 940 hydrogel on saving zone of stasis in skin burn wound. design- experimental study animals- twenty rats. procedures- after shaving the backs, a ‘comb burn’ was contacted bilaterally on the dorsum of the rats 0.5 cm lateral and parallel to the midline by using a brass probe consisting of four rows (10×20 mm) and three interspaces (5×20 mm). al...

The effects of surfactant polyacrylate acid (PAA) on shape evolution of 0.7Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.3PbTiO3 (0.7PMN-0.3PT) nanorods were studied. The results revealed that the polyacrylic acid content had great influence on the morphology of 0.7PMN-0.3PT. With increasing PAA concentration from 0.45 to 0.82 g/ml, the ratio of perovskite phase (PMN-PT nanorod) increased, while the ratio of pyrochlore p...

Our work investigates the precipitation mechanism of a seeded calcium carbonate reaction, by using cryogenic TEM to observe the early stages of the reaction. The early precipitation of a hydrated phase is proposed as an intermediate phase before transformation into calcite. Thermodynamic modeling in conjunction with pH, surface potential measurements, and colloidal stability modeling demonstrat...

Purnose The incorporation of polymers into artificial tears both increases the thickness of the precorneal tear film and decreases the rate of drainaae of the for8nulations. On the basis of these effects, we hypothesized that a time study of the artificial increase in tear volume induced by such formulations could be a useful method of assessing their precorneal residence time. Methods New Zeal...

Purnose The incorporation of polymers into artificial tears both increases the thickness of the precorneal tear film and decreases the rate of drainaae of the for8nulations. On the basis of these effects, we hypothesized that a time study of the artificial increase in tear volume induced by such formulations could be a useful method of assessing their precorneal residence time. Methods New Zeal...

The aims of this study were to prepare a thermosensitive composite hydrogel (TCH) by mixing 24% (w/v) poloxamer 407 (P407), 16% (w/v) poloxamer 188 (P188) and 0.1% (w/v) carbopol 940 (C940), and to determine the effect of natural borneol/ (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin (NB/HP-β-CD) inclusion complex on the phase transition temperature, mechanical, rheological properties, and release behaviors...