Social services can trace its origin back to the idea of human goodwill and charity. Therefore, confining our study ofthis phenomenon modern era, consequently ignoring roots, would be a great error. However, forcenturies, charitable organizations various sizes have been officially established. As result incrediblediversity such in Islamic societies, conducting research this field is also an eas...

during the islamic period of iran except for public complexes including buildings as bazaar, reservoir, caravansary, etc. there were burial complexes that occupy a special place in the architecture of the epoch. these complexes were first built as the burial ground of a famous political or religious figure and along the time other buildings such as mosque, madreseh (school), monastery, caravans...

The Arg-e Bam is a remarkable example of earthen architecture and construction that was heavily damaged in the Bam, Iran earthquake of 26 December 2003. This paper presents the hypothesis that the collapse of the walls was caused largely by a combination of the effects of (1) the additive changes made to the walls, particularly in recent restorations resulting in variations in the density and r...