in order to improve the reliability of the power system, sufficient amount of new capacity should be installed in the network. usually generation units’ payoff in an energy market is not adequate to cover their expenses. therefore, energy only market cannot induce investors to invest in generation field. due to energy only market inefficiency, a supplementary algorithm is suggested to cover the...

In this paper capacity withholding in an oligopolistic electricity market that all Generation Companies (GenCos) bid in a Cournot model is analyzed and the capacity withheld index, the capacity distortion index and the price distortion index are obtained and formulated. Then a new index, Distortion-Withheld Index (DWI), is proposed in order to measure the potential ability of market for capacit...

Computational spot markets enable users to bid on servers, and then continuously allocates them to the highest bidder: if a user is “out bid” for a server, the market revokes it and re-allocates it to the new highest bidder. Spot markets are common when trading commodities to balance real-time supply and demand—cloud platforms use them to sell their idle capacity, which varies over time. Howeve...

This paper addresses the possibility of capacity withholding by energy producers, who seek to increase the market price and their own profits. The energy market is simulated as an iterative game, where each state game corresponds to an hourly energy auction with uniform pricing mechanism. The producers are modeled as agents that interact with their environment through reinforcement learning (RL...

Rising feed-in from renewable energy sources decreases margins, load factors, and thereby profitability of conventional generation in several electricity markets around the world. At the same time, conventional generation is still needed to ensure security of electricity supply. Therefore, capacity markets are currently being widely discussed as a measure to ensure generation adequacy in market...

This study focuses on one of the most effective type of capacity markets named Capacity Subscription (CS) market which is predicted to be widely used in the upcoming smart grids. Despite variant researches done about the mechanism and structure of capacity markets, their performances have been rarely tested in the presence of network constraints. Considering this deficiency, we tried to propose...