political marketing shares many characteristics in common with marketing in the business world. in business marketing , sellers dispatch goods, services, and communications[e.g.advertising] to the market and in return, money [consumer purchases], information [consumer research], and customer loyalty are received. in political campaigns, candidates dispatch promises , favors , policy preferences...

We analyze conditions under which candidates’ reputations may affect voters’ beliefs over what policy will be implemented by the winning candidate of an election. We develop a model of repeated elections with complete information in which candidates are purely ideological. We analyze an equilibrium in which voters’ strategies involve a credible threat to punish candidates who renege on their ca...

We study a model in which politicians differ in their ability to implement some policy. In an election, candidates make binding promises regarding the plans they will implement. These serve as a signal of true ability. In equilibrium, candidates make overambitious promises. The candidate with the highest ability wins. Yet, the electorate may be better off having a random candidate implement her...

Multiple argument dispatching is a natural extension of single-argument, or receiver-based, dispatch. Recently several techniques were proposed that aim to make multiple dispatch an efficient operation. However, none of the studies has actually analyzed run-time behavior. In this study we compare several techniques, two of which are presented for the first time, by writing down abstract assembl...

The electric market regulation in Spain (MIBEL) establishes the rules for bilateral and futures contracts in the day-ahead optimal bid problem. Our model allows a price-taker generation company to decide the unit commitment of the thermal units, the economic dispatch of the bilateral and futures contracts between the thermal units and the optimal sale bids for the thermal units observing the MI...

emerging new medications in the treatment of hbv produces hope and promises for curing of hbv. over the past decade, the development of oral nucleoside/nucleotide analogs (nas) with favorable potencies and tolerabilities has led to substantial advances in chronic hepatitis b (chb) therapy. the oral anti-hbv agents currently approved are lamivudine, adefovir dipivoxil , entecavir , telbivudine, ...

Component-oriented programming promises to provide many of the bene ts that object-oriented programming has arguably failed to deliver: increased productivity, reliability, and exibility via increased reuse of third-party software. Unfortunately, it is not always clear how componentoriented programming di ers from object-oriented programming, or why component-oriented programming should succeed...

In this paper I develop a model of political platform choice and subsequent policy implementation decisions by political candidates who are primarily motivated by career concerns. Although political platforms are non binding, politicians have some incentive to keep campaign promises in order to uphold their reputation. I analyze the electoral outcome and the determinants which influence the dec...

dynamic economic load dispatch is one of the most important roles of power generation’s operation and control. it determines the optimal controls of production of generator units with predicted load demand over a certain period of time. economic dispatch at minimum production cost is one of the most important subjects in the power network’s operation, which is a complicated nonlinear constraine...