acquired azole resistance in opportunistic fungi causes severe clinical problems in immunosuppressed individuals. this study investigated the molecular mechanisms of azole resistance in clinical isolates of candida glabrata . six unmatched strains were obtained from an epidemiological survey of candidiasis in immunocompromised hosts that included azole and amphotericin b susceptible and azole r...

Within the limited antifungal armamentarium, the azole antifungals are the most frequent class used to treat Candida infections. Azole antifungals such as fluconazole are often preferred treatment for many Candida infections as they are inexpensive, exhibit limited toxicity, and are available for oral administration. There is, however, extensive documentation of intrinsic and developed resistan...

background and purpose: oropharyngeal candidiasis (opc) and antifungal drug resistance are major health concerns in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). the increased reports of antifungal resistance and expanding drug therapy options prompted the determination of antifungal susceptibility profile. the present study was performed to determine the antifungal susceptibility of candid...

Acquired azole resistance in opportunistic fungi causes severe clinical problems in immunosuppressed individuals. This study investigated the molecular mechanisms of azole resistance in clinical isolates of Candida glabrata. Six unmatched strains were obtained from an epidemiological survey of candidiasis in immunocompromised hosts that included azole and amphotericin B susceptible and azole re...

In this study, we present a rare case of fatal breakthrough Candida tropicalis infection in a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) while on posaconazole prophylaxis. Then, we explore the mechanisms underlying azole resistance by focusing on enhanced efflux pumps and changes in the azole target enzyme Erg11p, which was encoded by the ERG11 gene. Our study demonstrates that Y132C subst...

The resistance mechanisms to azole antifungal agents were investigated in this study with two pairs of Candida glabrata clinical isolates recovered from two separate AIDS patients. The two pairs each contained a fluconazole-susceptible isolate and a fluconazole-resistant isolate, the latter with cross-resistance to itraconazole and ketoconazole. Since the accumulation of fluconazole and of anot...

Since, there is no study reporting the mechanism of azole resistance among yeasts isolated from aquatic environments; the present study aims to investigate the occurrence of antifungal resistance among yeasts isolated from an aquatic environment, and assess the efflux-pump activity of the azole-resistant strains to better understand the mechanism of resistance for this group of drugs. For this ...

Drug susceptibility tests were performed with a series of Candida spp. in media supplemented with serum or bile. The azole susceptibilities of several medically important Candida spp., including C. albicans but not C. parapsilosis, were significantly reduced in supplemented media. These findings have important implications for the mechanisms of acquired azole resistance in pathogenic fungi.