Water is a very precious natural resource. When this precious resource moves through the canals certain part of the water is lost by seepage, evaporation etc. This loss is known as conveyance loss. The conveyance loss was calculated experimentally by different researcher on different canals around the world. In this paper author have tried to review some of the research work and recommend an av...

A 34-year-old man presented with tinnitus and conductive hearing loss. CT demonstrated an expansile, air-containing cavity contiguous with mastoid air cells, narrowing the external auditory canal. This is a case of symptomatic pneumocele resulting in an air collection beneath external canal lining, possibly related to an abnormality in mastoid fusion.

The clinical and pathological features of 15 cases of malignant melanoma of the anal canal are described. It would appear from this study that these tumours arise from squamous epithelium lining that part of the anal canal at or just above the line of the anal valves.

Canal lining is customarily used to raise water-use effectiveness and reduce seepage loss. The major water losses in an irrigation channel are due leakage evaporation. Egyptian General Integrated Management for Water Resources Irrigation introduced a proposal the Al-Hagar canal based on these losses. This study investigates effect of flow characteristics, compares before after introducing linin...

To the Editor: Cysts of the median raphe (CMR) are uncommon lesions that result from abnormal embryologic development. In most cases, a urothelial-type or squamous epithelial lining is present, but other rarer histologic variants have been described. One of these, reported infrequently in the literature, is characterized by the presence of melanocytes and melanic pigment in the epithelial linin...

BACKGROUND The canal of Nuck is an embryological vestige of the processus vaginalis, and presents a potential site for endometriosis seeding. Hydroceles in this region are a rare cause of inguinal swelling in females. In addition, endometriosis localized to the canal of Nuck is exceedingly rare. CASE PRESENTATION A 44-year-old Japanese woman presented with a painful mass overlying her right p...

Dental pulp is prone to dystrophic mineralization; this mineralization can be so extensive that the entire root canal system is obliterated. As a result, root canal treatment can become a difficult if not impossible task. This article presents the endodontic management of a tooth with an obliterated pulp chamber and associated with a discharging sinus in a teenage patient. The role of a calcium...

A narrow passage called the cervical canal (or endocervical canal) goes from your vagina to the inside of your womb. This is normally kept tightly shut. However, it allows blood to flow out from your uterus during a period and sperm to travel inside when you have sex. It opens very wide during labour when you have a baby. The surface of your cervix is covered with skin-like cells. There are als...