fractional flow analysis confirms the advantages of surfactant alternative gas injection (sag) in enhanced oil recovery, but an adsorption phenomenon that has been affected by several factors, weakens the effectiveness of sag injection. in this study, the effects of sacrificial agent, gas phase, and surfactant concentration on adsorption density on silica mineral were investigated by static and...

Fractional flow analysis confirms the advantages of surfactant alternative gas injection (SAG) in enhanced oil recovery, but an adsorption phenomenon that has been affected by several factors, weakens the effectiveness of SAG injection. In this study, the effects of sacrificial agent, gas phase, and surfactant concentration on adsorption density on silica mineral were investigated by static and...

When the pressure leaching process of chalcopyrite is operated in low and medium temperature range 90℃~150℃, sulfur component converted to elemental sulfur, which suppresses copper. In present study, copper rate was improved by adding chloride ions surfactants during medium-temperature at 150℃. Using autoclave equipped with a 2L reactor made titanium, leach tests were conducted for 180 min usin...

To improve the problem of collapsibility loess, adding industrial materials such as cement is common engineering treatment, but this seriously damages reclamation performance soil. Calcium lignosulfonate (CLS) from paper plant waste fluids a natural bio-based polymer with good application prospects soil improver. In paper, and mechanical properties CLS improved loess were investigated using tes...

Using bitumen modifiers to prolong the asphalt mixture’s life has been considered a practical approach in constructing mixtures. Among various modifiers, biomass ones have more noteworthy because of their abundance, cost-effectiveness, renewability, and sustainability. Calcium lignosulfonate (CLS), as plant-based modifier, studied enhance rheological properties bitumen. However, feasibility usi...

Studies made in the field of microbiological degradation of lignin have included investigations with sodium and calcium lignosulfonates. Kazanskii and Mikhailova (1936) were unable to grow several wood-rotting fungi on neutralized waste sulfite liquor, but found that infusorial earth mixed cultures could grow albeit slowly (in 50-60 days) if several alterations were made in the composition of t...

Studies made in the field of microbiological degradation of lignin have included investigations with sodium and calcium lignosulfonates. Kazanskii and Mikhailova (1936) were unable to grow several wood-rotting fungi on neutralized waste sulfite liquor, but found that infusorial earth mixed cultures could grow albeit slowly (in 50-60 days) if several alterations were made in the composition of t...

The unwanted addition of salt to drilling causes flocculation which has an adverse effect on mud rheological properties. To treat the flocculated mud chemical, deflocculants are commonly used; however, their disadvantages such as negative environmental effects, lower tolerance to contamination, and toxicity motivated scientists to search for effective additives. Using plant derived additives in...

We determined the effects of lignosulfonate (LS) on nutrient digestibility and on hindgut fermentation characteristics using 80 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats fed a control diet or a diet containing 3% (dry matter basis) of seven selected LS fractions. Lignosulfonate fractions were divided into three categories: two fractionated whole calcium spent sulfite liquors (CaSSL) and one low-molecular-...

Agricultural producers are interested in using biomass available on farms to substitute fossil fuels for heat production. However, energy crops like reed canary grass contain high nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), potassium (K) and other ash-forming elements which lead to increased emissions of gases and particulate matter (PM) and ash-related operational problems (e.g., melting) during combustion. To ...