Mono- and polyclonal antibodies directed against different domains of the potato leafroll luteovirus (PLRV) P1 (ORF1) protein were applied to the analysis of P1 expression during PLRV replication in planta. Western analyses detected P1 and a protein of approximately 25 kDa (P1-C25) that accumulated to readily detectable amounts in PLRV-infected plants, but was not detected by in vitro cell-free...

A new acidophilic iron-oxidizing strain (C25) belonging to the novel genus Acidithrix was isolated from pelagic iron-rich aggregates ('iron snow') collected below the redoxcline of an acidic lignite mine lake. Strain C25 catalysed the oxidation of ferrous iron [Fe(II)] under oxic conditions at 25 °C at a rate of 3.8 mM Fe(II) day(-1) in synthetic medium and 3.0 mM Fe(II) day(-1) in sterilized l...

Samples of particulate organic matter from the water column and anoxic Holocene sediment layers from the Small Meromictic Basin (SMB) in Ellis Fjord (eastern Antarctica) were analyzed to study the early incorporation of reduced inorganic sulfur species into highly branched isoprenoid (HBI) alkenes. HBIs were not detected in the water column samples from austral winter, whereas compounds contain...

This review covers recently-published experimental information on the biosynthesis of terpenoids in the range C5-C25. In addition to sections on the mevalonate and mevalonate-independent (deoxyxylulose phosphate) pathways, the review considers in turn hemiterpenoids, polyprenyl diphosphate synthases, monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, diterpenoids, and sesterterpenoids. The literature from Janua...

Bacterial translocation occurs when viable bacteria pass through the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract to the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and other organs. The ability of a diet containing 1% culture condensate of Bifidobacterium longum (MB) to inhibit bacterial translocation from the gastrointestinal tract was tested using antibiotic-decontaminated specific-pathogen-free (SPF) mice and ger...

The synthesis of the C9-C25 subunit of the marine natural product spirastrellolide B is reported. The key synthetic features included the union of the two key fragments 5 and 6 via a Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction and a late-stage, one-pot sequential deprotection/cascade Achmatowicz rearrangement-spiroketalization to install the key spirocyclic intermediate present in the C9-C25 fragment of s...

Structural and nonstructural regions of the HCV-encoded polyprotein have been expressed in recombinant yeast, bacteria, or insect cells and used to capture and measure reactive antibodies circulating in different individuals. The putative nucleocapsid protein (C) and nonstructural proteins 3-5 (NS3-NS5) were found to contain the most immunodominant epitopes. The NS3, NS4, and C regions were exp...