Two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for the diagnosis of bovine virus diarrhoea (BVD) are described: CHEKIT-BVD-VIRUS and CHEKIT-BVD-SERO. The first test detects virus antigen in leucocytes, resulting in identification of persistently-infected animals, while the second detects antibodies to BVD virus (BVDV). It is well known that even persistently-infected animals may have antibodie...

Bovine virus diarrhoea (BVD) virus is ubiquitous in cattle populations throughout the world. Strategies for controlling BVD virus infections are continually evolving. Current control procedures are based on identification and elimination of persistently infected cattle, which are a primary source of virus for non-infected cattle, and immunisation with killed or modified live virus vaccines. Add...

The flavivirus bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD) virus exists in two biotypes, cytopathic (cp) and non-cytopathic (ncp), defined by their effect on cultured cells. Cp BVD virus-infected cells undergo apoptosis and may promote apoptosis in uninfected cells by an indirect mechanism. Macrophages (Mφ) infected with cp, but not ncp, BVD virus release a factor(s) in the supernatant capable of priming ...

Bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD) virus is maintained in the environment by persistently infected animals (Derget & Loewen, 1995). The BVD virus in an immunocompetent pregnant animal is capable of crossing the placental barrier and invading the foetus (Kahrs 1973, Done et al. 1980). The principal determinant of foetal response to infection is the age of the foetus at the time of infection (Baker 198...

Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) is a disease in cattle with complex transmission dynamics that causes substantial economic losses and affects animal welfare. The infection can be transient or persistent. mostly asymptomatic persistently infected hosts are the main source for of virus. This characteristic makes it difficult to control spreading BVD. We develop deterministic compartmental model BVD w...

Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) is one of the most important diseases of cattle responsible for major economic losses in dairy industries of Iran. So far, no nationwide program has been taken in Iran to control and eradicate the disease. Moreover, until now, no vaccination program has been practiced against BVD in Iran, although the disease is prevailing in the country. For effective controlling of...

BACKGROUND Pestiviruses in general, and Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD) in particular, present several potential targets for directed antiviral therapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS The antiviral effect of Cynanchum paniculatum (Bge.) Kitag (Dog strangling vine: DS) extract on the bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) virus was tested. First, a cytotoxicity test in MDBK (Madin-Darby bovine kidney) cells was done w...

In Egypt, bovine virus diarrhoea-mucosal disease (BVD-MD) was initially detected as the result of a serological survey of cattle and sheep, using the serum neutralisation test. In 1970, the causal pestivirus was isolated from bovine calves and buffalo calves with pneumonia and enteritis. Mixed viral infections were also prevalent. Cases of immune tolerance were identified. The Egyptian industry...

The current situation of bovine virus diarrhoea-mucosal disease (BVD-MD) virus infections is briefly reviewed, with special reference to problems arising from fetal infection in the Hokkaido district, a northern island of Japan. The results of some investigations on BVD-MD virus carried out in Japan are also described. Although bovine congenital anomalies caused by BVD-MD virus and mucosal dise...

Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD) is an emerging disease in both New World Camelids (NWCs) and Old World Camelids (OWCs). The virus has been isolated from NWCs particularly in alpacas and dromedaries, but there are no reports of BVD in Bactrians. BVD is an important infectious disease. Both sub-genotypes 1a, 1b and genotype 2 have been isolated from NWCs but the ncp BVDV 1b is primarily implicated in...