The molecular mechanism underlying milk fat globule secretion in mammary epithelial cells ostensibly involves the formation of complexes between plasma membrane butyrophilin and cytosolic xanthine oxidoreductase. These complexes bind adipophilin in the phospholipid monolayer of milk secretory granules, the precursors of milk fat globules, enveloping the nascent fat globules in a layer of plasma...

Butyrophilin is a glycoprotein expressed on the apical surfaces of secretory cells in lactating mammary tissue, which may function in the secretion of milk-fat droplets (Franke, W. W., Heid, H. W., Grund, C., Winter, S., Freudenstein, C., Schmid, E., Jarasch, E.-D., and Keenan, T. W. (1981) J. Cell Biol. 89, 485-494). A cDNA clone encoding bovine butyrophilin was isolated and the primary struct...

The costimulatory molecules in the B7-CD28 families are important in the regulation of T cell activation and tolerance. The butyrophilin family of proteins shares sequence and structure homology with B7 family molecules; however, the function of the butyrophilin family in the immune system has not been defined. In this study, we performed an analysis on multiple butyrophilin molecules and found...

Milk lipid globules of various species are surrounded by a membrane structure that is separated from the triglyceride core of the globule by a densely staining fuzzy coat layer of 10- to 50-nm thickness. This internal coat structure remains attached to the membrane during isolation and extraction with low- and high-salt buffers, is insoluble in nondenaturing detergents, and is enriched in an ac...

DNA polymorphism within diacylglycerol transferase 2 (DGAT2) / monoacyl glycerol transferases 2 (MOGAT2), leptin and butyrophilin genes were analysed using PCR-SSCP in Murrah buffalo. The single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis of amplified gene fragment in exon 5 of MOGAT2, exon 3 of leptin and intron 1 of butyrophilin gene revealed different patterns. A, B and C showed the fol...

In lactating mammary glands, milk fat is secreted as fat globules surrounded by a cell plasma membrane containing characteristic membrane-associated proteins. Among these, butyrophilin has been shown to be specific and intrinsic to the fat globule membrane, whereas milk-fat globule EGF-factor VIII (MFG-E8) is uncertain. We characterized in the present study MFG-E8 in milk fat globules and in th...

Butyrophilins belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily are new immune system regulators because they are present on lymphocytes, dendritic cells, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils and eosinophils, and they exert a stimulatory and (or) inhibitory effect on them. The role of butyrophilins is associated and results from their similarity to the regulatory B7 protein family involved in the modu...

The great success of anti-cytotoxic lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) and anti-programed cell death protein 1 (PD1) in cancer treatment has encouraged more effort in harnessing the immune response through immunomodulatory molecules in various diseases. The immunoglobulin (Ig) super family comprises the majority of immunomodulatory molecules. Discovery of novel Ig super family members has brought nov...

dna polymorphism within diacylglycerol transferase 2 (dgat2) / monoacyl glycerol transferases 2 (mogat2), leptin and butyrophilin genes were analysed using pcr-sscp in murrah buffalo. the single strand conformation polymorphism (sscp) analysis of amplified gene fragment in exon 5 of mogat2, exon 3 of leptin and intron 1 of butyrophilin gene revealed different patterns. a, b and c showed the fol...