sclerotium cepivorum incited white rot is one of the destructive diseases of garlic inhamedan province. a total number of 175 bacillus strains were isolated from soil and fromgarlic rhizospheres. the antagonism of the bacterial isolates against sclerotium cepivorum wasevaluated using dual culture method. ten high level activity isolates which produced inhibitionzones were selected for further s...

The identification and characterization of new human monoclonal antibodies (hMAbs) able to neutralize primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates from different subtypes may help in our understanding of the mechanisms of virus entry and neutralization and in the development of entry inhibitors and vaccines. For enhanced selection of broadly cross-reactive antibodies, soluble HI...

Newly isolated thraustochytrids showed uptake of vitamin B12 from the culture into the cells. Cultivation of thraustochytrids in a medium containing 1 microg/ml of vitamin B12 greatly increased the contents of vitamin B12 in the cells. Similarly to Schizochytrium limacinum, odd numbered fatty acids decreased in the cells of new isolates cultivated with vitamin B12. Vitamin B12-enriched thrausto...

BACKGROUND CCR5-using (r5) HIV-1 predominates during asymptomatic disease followed by occasional emergence of CXCR4-using (x4) or dual tropic (r5x4) virus. We examined the contribution of the x4 and r5 components to replicative fitness of HIV-1 isolates. METHODS Dual tropic r5x4 viruses were predicted from average HIV-1 env sequences of two primary subtype C HIV-1 isolates (C19 and C27) and f...

Within McMurdo Sound’s annual sea ice, assimilation and concentrations of vitamin B12 (cobalamin), microbial community productivity, and biomass were examined among three 100-m2 quadrats where light penetration was manipulated by snow cover during austral summer. From late October through December, B12 concentrations (6–32 pmol L21) and assimilation rates (17–780 pmol m22 d21) in congelation ic...

Global-scale data on the Oligocene to Recent planktic foraminifers and coccoliths from the tropical Pacific and Atlantic Oceans are employed for quantitative testing of alternative models (Red Queen and Stationary Hypotheses) of the relationship between speciation rates, extinction rates, taxonomic diversity, abiotic events, and history of the paleosystem. The results demonstrate that although ...

Several human monoclonal antibodies (hmAbs) and antibody fragments, including the best characterized in terms of structure-function b12 and Fab X5, exhibit relatively potent and broad HIV-1 neutralizing activity. However, the elicitation of b12 or b12-like antibodies in vivo by vaccine immunogens based on the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) has not been successful. B12 is highly divergent fro...

Glycoprotein gp120 is a surface antigen and virulence factor of human immunodeficiency virus 1. Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) that react to gp120 from a variety of HIV isolates offer hope for the development of broadly effective immunogens for vaccination purposes, if the interactions between gp120 and bNAbs can be understood. From a structural perspective, gp120 is a particularly dif...

Klebsiella pneumoniae strain IIEMP-3, isolated from Indonesian tempeh, is a vitamin B12-producing strain that exhibited a different genetic profile from pathogenic isolates. Here we report the draft genome sequence of strain IIEMP-3, which may provide insights on the nature of fermentation, nutrition, and immunological function of Indonesian tempeh.