Reference crop evapotranspiration (ET o), used to determine actual crop evapotranspiration, is often estimated from pan evaporation (EP) data. However, uncertainties in the relationship between ET o and EP often result in unreliable estimate of crop evapotranspiration. This study investigated the relationship between measured and estimated crop evapotranspirations, ET m and ET e, respectively, ...

Tillering (branching) is a major yield component and, therefore, a target for improving the yield of crops. However, tillering is regulated by complex interactions of endogenous and environmental signals, and the knowledge required to achieve optimal tiller number through genetic and agronomic means is still lacking. Regulatory mechanisms may be revealed through physiological and molecular char...

Elevated [CO2] reduced phenolic contents during the seedling, tillering, elongation and flowering stages. At maturity, however, a significant or trend of increase was observed (Fig.1). Leaf gas exchange parameters showed that acclimation of photosynthesis to CO2 could have led to that change in response. Indeed, plants grown at elevated [CO2] exhibited higher net photosynthetic rate (A) values ...

Tillering is a core constituent of plant architecture, and influences light interception to affect plant and crop performance. Near-isogenic lines (NILs) varying for a tiller inhibition (tin) gene and representing two genetic backgrounds were investigated for tillering dynamics, organ size distribution, leaf area, light interception, red: far-red ratio, and chlorophyll content. Tillering ceased...

The effect of flooding can be a serious problem for wheat farmers, even at dry land condition. Amount of flooding damage depends on duration flooding, developmental stage, wheat type and variety. Therefore as a factorial experiment in randomized complete design based on winter bread wheat cultivars (Pishtaz, Marvdasht, Shiraz, Zarin, Shahriar, C-81-4, Sardari, Agosta seed, FGS and Azar2) at sta...

the nitrogen (n) nutrition, crop yield, and responses of wheat to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) were tested in an experimental field under free-air ozone concentration [o3] enrichment (face) conditions. the experiment included three treatments: ambient [o3] (ambient), elevated [o3] (face, targeted at ambient [o3]×1.5), and elevated [o3] inoculated with an amf consortium consisting of sever...

abstract in order to evaluate the effect of different nitrogen application methods on yield and yield components of winter wheat, a field experiment with split plot arrangement in completely randomized blocks design with four replicates was conducted in 2006. basal dressing in three levels (1- with no basal dressing, 2- strip and 3- distributing nitrogen fertilizer) as main plot and top dressin...

A Split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications was conducted in 2012,Treatments were included the time of foliar application with 3 levels (tillering stage, heading stage and no spray (control)) as main factor and cultivars in 4 levels (Sardari, Rijav, Biseton and Rashid) as the second factor. Plant characteristics such as plant height, length o...

Heterosis is a common phenomenon in which the hybrids exhibit superior agronomic performance than either inbred parental lines. Although hybrid rice is one of the most successful apotheoses in crops utilizing heterosis, the molecular mechanisms underlying rice heterosis remain elusive. To gain a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of rice heterosis, comparative leaf proteomic analy...