background: due to the lack of proper rail road and air transportation, most commutes in iran are carried out by buses. in most cases, the water in the busses is used for passengers for drinking usage. although this kind of water source has provided convince for the travelers, it could be a great risk in disease outbreak. the aim of this study is to determine the water quality in commuting buse...

INTRODUCTION Caloric intake among children could be reduced if sugar-sweetened beverages were replaced by plain water. School drinking water infrastructure is dictated in part by state plumbing codes, which generally require a minimum ratio of drinking fountains to students. Actual availability of drinking fountains in schools and how availability differs according to plumbing codes is unknown....

OBJECTIVE To detect an outbreak-related source of Legionella, control the outbreak, and prevent additional Legionella infections from occurring. DESIGN AND SETTING Epidemiologic investigation of an acute outbreak of hospital-associated Legionnaires disease among outpatients and visitors to a Wisconsin hospital. PATIENTS Patients with laboratory-confirmed Legionnaires disease who resided in ...

Background and purpose: School, as a reliable place in educating students, has an important role in training. The aim of this study was the assessment of environmental health of primary schools in Norabad Mamasani city of Fars Province. Materials and Methods: In this analytical-descriptive and cross-sectional study, all of 26 primary schools in Norabad Mamasani city were surveyed by using cens...

The application of intense ultrasound to a liquid-gas interface results in the formation of an ultrasonic fountain and generates both mist and vapor from the liquid. Here, the composition of the vapor and aerosol above an ultrasonic fountain is determined as a function of irradiation time and compared with the results of sparging for five different solutions. The experimental apparatus for dete...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was determination of the level of water contamination in fountains in Toruń, Poland. METHODS The studies were conducted at monthly intervals from May - September 2009, and consisted in the determination of the number of heterotrophic bacteria capable of growing at a temperature of 22 and 37°C (PN-ISO 6222), as well as the number of coliform bacteria (PN-75/C-04...

Background: The healing aspects of natural sounds therapy including water sound are beginning to get a lot of interest in the medical fields. Numerous studies conducted on the value of natural sounds as a therapy for various psychological treatments. Objective: to observe the influence of water fountain melodies on anxiety level among the experimental groups before undergoing dental chec kup an...