greenhouse gases have been of serious global concern to environmentalists. enteric ruminal fermentation and manure are seen to be responsible for global warming. based on a better understanding of positive tan-nin effects on ruminant nutrition, the feeding value of browse trees and shrubs containing tannin, their roles on methanogenic rumen microbes in overcoming the production of enteric ferme...

21 Chapter The sunflower family (Compositae or Asteraceae) is the largest family of flowering plants. Its many species occur around the world as annual and perennial herbs and as shrubs and trees (Chrysothamnus), and matchbrush (Gutierrezia)—make plants of this family among the most common and important plants of the Intermountain area (McArthur and others 1979a; table 1). Shrubs of these gener...

Snow affects the nutritional ecology of northern ungulates during winter through burial of important winter forages. We used nonlinear regression analyses to model snow-burial dynamics of blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) browse biomass, a key winter food item of Sitka black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus sitchensis) in southeastern Alaska, USA. During November 2003–March 2004 we collected data from...

Fodder trees and shrubs are crucial sources of animal feed in Sudan, particularly in arid and semi-arid areas. This is because they can fill up the feed gaps in the summer period when grassland growth is limited due to unfavorable weather conditions. The study was conducted in Elnour forest-southeastern Sudan in 2015, which is dominated by Acacia seyal. The objectives of this study were to esti...

Plants cut at different times produce resprouts that vary in their nutritional value relative to when they are cut. To determine how vegetation management in transportation (road and rail) corridors at different times of the year could influence browse quality in the years following cutting, and how this could potentially influence encounters between herbivores and vehicles, we undertook a 3-ye...

Management of ungulates is contested ground that lacks stakeholder agreement on desirable population sizes and management approaches. Unfortunately, we often miss information about extent of local impacts, for example on plant communities, to guide management decisions. Typical vegetation impact assessments like the woody browse index do not assess herbaceous plants, and differences in browse s...