this commentary on the editorial ‘the politics and analytics of health policy’ by professor calum paton focuses on two issues. first, it points to the unclear links between ideas, ideology, values, and discourse and policy, and warns that discourse is often a poor guide to enacted policy. second, it suggests that realism, particularly ‘programme theory’ are useful tools for health policy analys...

during late nineteenth century, khuzistan was considered to be the most fertile land of persia which at one time had yielded $ 50 million if calculated on 1962 price index. many british officials presented in iran and india office have recorded the abundance of water through a network of five rivers and canals, making khuzistan a fertile ground for major staple and cash crops. at the time when ...

 Relations between the third world countries in different parts of Asia and Africa during the 19th and 20th centuries, to a great extent, were influenced by the presence and policies of colonial powers. Thus, for a better understanding of roots of disputes and issues existing between these countries concerning frontiers, disputed Islands, political and prejudicial tensions, we need to study pas...

this study attempts to explore the development and evolution of mackinder's geopolitical thinking in global politics of british empire and its influence thereafter. this research paper examines the characteristics of geopolitical perspective of britain, through halford mackinder's heartland theory during the three periods of the early twentieth century to the present time. in this reg...

seistan was one of the important ancient urban centres in south eastern persia. the ruins of the city show the prosperity and fertility of this city to the extent that a british civil officer considered it as the ancient london of asia. this article attempts to describe the enormous latent wealth of this ancient city which made it important for strategic, political and commercial reasons. due t...