to determine breath- holding spells (bhs) prevalence and risk factors in under 6- year- old children, we interviewed mothers of 400 children in a cross- sectional study in 5 health centers at south of tehran in autumn 1999. 33 children (8.25%) had history of bhs (male: 19, female: 14 25 cases were between 2-4 years old (mean: 40±17 months). seventy percent of cases (23) had onset of attacks aft...

how to cite this article: abbaskhanian a, ehteshami s, sajjadi s, rezai ms. effects of piracetam on pediatric breath holding spells: a randomized double blind controlled trial. iran j child neurol autumn 2012; 6(4): 9-15.   abstarct: objective breath holding spells (bhs) are common paroxysmal non-epileptic eventsin the pediatric population which are very stressfull despite their harmlessnature....

Exercise and breath holding in the water such as that performed in the sport of synchronized swimming may evoke the physiological consequences of the diving response. The purpose of this study was to investigate the physiological responses of breath holding during underwater arm cranking in synchronized swimmers who are trained in breath holding and compare these responses to untrained women. E...

how to cite this article: movahedian ah, heidarzadeh arani m, motaharizad m, mousavi gha, mosayebi z. evaluation of qt dispersion in children with breath holding spells. iran j child neurol. winter 2016; 10(1):25-30. abstract objective breath holding spells (bhs) are common involuntary reflexes in infancy and early childhood. differential diagnosis should embrace long qt syndrome (lqts) and par...

Background Breath-holding spells (BHS) are brief periods when young children stop breathing for up to 1 minute and are widely recognized types of non-epileptic severe occasions in early stages of childhood. This study aimed to evaluate QTd and QTc changes in children with breath-holding spells compared with healthy children. <stron...

1. Block of the phrenic nerves in three normal subjects, produced by injection of lignocaine in the neck, caused alleviation of the thoracic sensation during breath holding and prolonged breath-holding time. 2. Injection of lignocaine in the neck without nerve block had no effect on breath holding sensation or breath-holding time. 3. A patient with a spinal-cord transection at the third cervica...