The blood–ocular barrier system is formed by two main barriers: the blood–aqueous barrier and the blood–retinal barrier (BRB). The BRB is particularly tight and restrictive and is a physiological barrier that regulates ion, protein and water flux into and out of the retina. The BRB consists of inner and outer components, the inner BRB being formed of tight junctions between retinal capillary en...

PURPOSE The outer blood-retina barrier (BRB) separates the neural retina from the choroidal vasculature, which is responsible for approximately 80% of blood supplies in the eye. To determine the significance of outer BRB breakdown in diabetic retinopathy, the outer BRB-specific leakage of macromolecules in diabetic and ischemic rodents was investigated. METHODS Diabetes and ischemia were indu...

Berberine (Brb) is an active alkaloid occurring in various common plant species, with well-recognized potential for cancer therapy. Brb not only augments the efficacy of antineoplastic chemotherapy and radiotherapy but also exhibits direct antimitotic and proapoptotic actions, along with distinct antiangiogenic and antimetastatic activities in a variety of tumors. Despite its low systemic toxic...

SUMMARY A Gene Set Expression Comparison kit is developed as a module of BRB-ArrayTools for discovering biologically meaningful patterns in gene expression data. The kit consists of gene sets of transcription factor (TF) targets, gene sets containing genes whose protein products share the same protein domain and gene sets of microRNA targets. Using this module of BRB-ArrayTools, researchers can...

BACKGROUND Cognitive deficits are common in multiple sclerosis (MS) and require continuous monitoring. In routine examinations, screening instruments such as the Brief Repeatable Battery (BRB) may serve this purpose. It was suggested that even a shortened version of the BRB, comprising the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT) and Selective Reminding T...

BACKGROUND Black raspberries (BRB) inhibit a broad range of cancers in preclinical models, including in vivo models of oral, esophageal, colon, breast and skin cancer. Promising preclinical results have led to clinical evaluations in cancer patients or patients at increased risk for cancer development. OBJECTIVE To summarize clinical investigations targeting cancer or precancerous lesions wit...

Black raspberries (BRB) demonstrate potent inhibition of aerodigestive tract carcinogenesis in animal models. However, translational clinical trials evaluating the ability of BRB phytochemicals to impact molecular biomarkers in the oral mucosa remain limited. The present phase 0 study addresses a fundamental question for oral cancer food-based prevention: Do BRB phytochemicals successfully reac...

PURPOSE To test the hypothesis that dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) provides a useful in vivo measure of passive blood retinal barrier permeability surface area product (BRB PS) in experimental diabetic retinopathy. METHODS BRB PS (cm(3)/min) was measured using DCE-MRI and Gd-DTPA (MW 590 Da) in urethane-anesthetized control rats, sodium iodate-treated rats, rat...

To address the issue of rule premise combination explosion in construction traditional complete conjunctive belief base (BRB), this paper introduces an orthogonal design method to reduce BRB. The reasoning based on reduced BRB is designed with help conversion technology from disjunctive Finally, operational mission effectiveness evaluation taken as example verify proposed method. results show t...

PURPOSE Azurocidin, released by neutrophils during leukocyte-endothelial interaction, is a main cause of neutrophil-evoked vascular leakage. Its role in the retina, however, is unknown. METHODS Brown Norway rats received intravitreal injections of azurocidin and vehicle control. Blood-retinal barrier (BRB) breakdown was quantified using the Evans blue (EB) dye technique 1, 3, and 24 hours aft...