susac's syndrome (ss) is a clinical triad of encephalopathy, branch retinal artery occlusion and sensorineural hearing loss and maybe due to an immune-mediated endotheliopathy. because of its rarity and some similarities to other common neurological conditions such as multiple sclerosis and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, it is often misdiagnosed and therefore mistreated. to the best of o...

purpose: to determine the frequency of risk factors for retinal vein occlusion (rvo) in patients referred to a private clinic in rasht during 1995-2001. methods: this cross-sectional study was conducted on all patients with rvo who were referred to the clinic. sex, age, hypertension (htn), cardiovascular diseases (cvd), diabetes mellitus (dm), hypercoagulable states, glaucoma, smoking, hyperlip...

purpose: to compare repeated intravitreal injections of bevacizumab (ivb) with triamcinolone acetonide (ivt) for treatment of acute branch retinal vein occlusion (brvo). methods: this randomized clinical trial included, 86 eyes with recent onset (less than 12 weeks) brvo. participants were randomly assigned to two treatment groups: the ivb group (43 eyes) consisted of patients who received mont...

We report a case of combined central retinal vein occlusion and branch retinal artery occlusion. A previously healthy 47-year-old male presented with decreased vision in the right eye after completing a half marathon. A fundus exam and retinal imaging revealed a combined central retinal vein and branch retinal artery occlusion. In the present report, we review the literature and discuss the pos...

purpose: to investigate aqueous humor nitric oxide (no) levels in patients with branch retinal vein occlusion (brvo) and central retinal vein occlusion (crvo) and to compare these with age-matched controls. methods: eight consecutive patients with brvo and 16 patients with crvo were included in this study. aqueous humor specimens were obtained within 21 days of diagnosis. samples of aqueous hum...

BACKGROUND There are some cases that reported central retinal vein occlusion accompanied by ciliary artery occlusion, however, combined branch retinal artery and vein occlusion is a rare condition that has been infrequently reported. We describe in this report one case of retinal vein occlusion and branch retinal artery occlusion occurring simultaneously. CASE PRESENTATION A 50 year-old woman...

Retinal artery occlusions (RAO) are characterized by the sudden obstruction of the arterial blood flow in the retinal circulation with consequent ischemic damage to the retina. RAO can be subdivided into several forms, including central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) and Branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO). Patients affected by CRAO experience a sudden, monocular loss of vision. On fundus b...

BACKGROUND Combined branch retinal artery and central retinal vein occlusion is a rare condition that has been infrequently reported. This case report, aside from reporting the above-mentioned condition, highlights the importance of performing spectral domain optical coherence tomography in establishing a complete diagnosis, especially in uncertain and complicated cases. We also present spectra...