background: hadron therapy for malignant tumor is becoming increasingly popular. there are many factors which effect on implementation of a proper treatment planning. the purpose of this work is to investigate the inhomogeneity effects as affecting factor on proton range, full width at half maximum (fwhm) and 20% position of penumbra (p20) by mcnpx code. materials and methods: an inhomogeneous ...

One of the lesser admitted realities academia is need to promote one's successes in order curate a reputation increase chances funding, promotion, and publication. This has led unfortunate emergence well-intentioned self-publicizing academics. Here, Lenardic, Seales, Levander express their take on rise (and effect) "humble brag."

Information Technology techniques; such as case-based reasoning, Adaptive search techniques and constraint modelling are being commercially implemented within dynamic support structures to aid decision making. Case-Based Reasoning is a relatively 'new research paradigm' to both problem solving and learning; in that we have not reached the kind of 'commanding heights' stage yet where we are able...

Light absorption at the boundary of indirect-band-gap and direct-forbidden gap semiconductors is analyzed. It is found that the possibility of the electron momentum nonconservation at the interface leads to essential enhancement of absorption in porous and microcrystalline semiconductors. The effect is more pronounced at a rough boundary due to enlargement of the share of the interface atoms. T...