This paper presents the second and third stages of a multivariate taphonomic analysis of the bovid bone assemblage from Dunefield Midden (DFM), a Later Stone Age site on South Africa’s west coast. The second stage investigates bovid skeletal element abundance and longbone fragmentation patterns at the site. The third stage integrates these data with bone modification data (Stewart 2010) to expl...

Fossil bovids are widely recognized as valuable ecological indicators, useful for reconstructing paleoenvironments associated with the hominins of Africa. Taxonomic identification of bovid remains in the Plio-Pleistocene fossil deposits of South Africa is based predominantly on dental remains, usually isolated teeth. However, factors such as age and degree of occlusal attrition of teeth often r...

We investigated the utility of diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) for the analysis and identification of sea turtle (Family Cheloniidae) and bovid (Family Bovidae) keratins, commonly used to manufacture historic artefacts. Spectral libraries are helpful in determining the class of the material (i.e., keratin versus plastics), but do not allow for inferences abo...

The functional morphology of bovid postcranial fossils can be used to infer paleoenvironments, an approach often labeled ‘ecomorphology’. Such techniques have some advantages over taxon-based methods of inferring paleoenvironments (e.g. they do not assume stasis in a lineage’s habitat preference over evolutionary time). Current methods for predicting habitat preference from bovid postcrania are...

Bovid morphologies differ depending on body size and habitat. We hypothesized that bovids also vary their mobility of fingers toes In this study, we compared the shape distal ends metapodial bones proximal facet phalanges to examine metapodiophalangeal joint gaps simulated three-dimensional motion bovid joints during opening closing states through CT scans investigate whether finger toe is affe...

The evolutionary history of the family Bovidae remains controversial despite past comprehensive morphological and genetic investigations. In an effort to resolve some of the systematic uncertainties within the group, a combined molecular phylogeny was constructed based on four independent nuclear DNA markers (2,573 characters) and three mitochondrial DNA genes (1,690 characters) for 34 bovid ta...

Portions of the 12S and 16S mitochondrial ribosomal genes for 16 species representing nine tribes in the mammal family Bovidae were compared with six previously published orthologous sequences. Phylogenetic analysis of variable nucleotide positions under different constraints and weighting schemes revealed no robust groupings among tribes. Consensus trees support previous hypotheses of monophyl...

Introduction Caseins cross-reactivity rises up to 90% between cow’s milk (CM) and other bovid milks. There are few studies on tolerance to other mammals milk in patients submitted to cow’s milk oral immunotherapy (CMOIT). AIMS: To determine the percentage of patients whom after CMOIT tolerate water buffalo (WB), goat and sheep’s milk proteins (MP). To describe immunologic features which can pre...

background:  linguatulosis is a rare zoonotic parasitic infection, in which human plays the role of both defini­tive and intermediate host and can be occasionally infected. this study determines the status of infection in live­stock and its po­tential risk to men in the northwestern province of azarbaijan-e-sharghi, iran. methods: in a cross-sectional study from june 2007 to june 2008, 800 slau...