19~/David Becker, The New Bourgeoisie and the Limits of Dependency (Princeton, NYPrinceton University Press, 1983), p. 342. 38. Cardoso and Faletto, Dependency and Development, p. 216. 39. Becker, The New Bourgeoisie and the Limits of Dependency. . . 40. Adam Przeworski, "Some Problems in the Study of ,the TransItion t~. Democracy," in Transition from Authoritarian ~ule, .ed. G. 0 Donell and Ph...

Having heard the report of the Executive Bureau, the Second World Congress of the Red International of Labor Unions declares that the EB has fulfilled the tasks imposed upon it by the First International Congress of the RILU, and resolves: 1. To approve of the activities of the Executive Bureau directed towards the establishment of the United Front for the purpose of counteracting the advance o...

We model a two-region country where value is created through bilateral production between masses and elites (bourgeois and landowners). Industrialization requires the elites to finance schools and the masses to attend them. Schooling raises productivity, particularly for matches between masses and bourgeois. At the same time, only country-wide education ("unified schooling") renders the masses ...

The parliamentary socialists, persuaded as they were of the imminent proletarian majorities, initially viewed socialization as a realistic objective. But historical progress proved them wrong. The first socialist government in Sweden constitutes, in fact, a rare historical attempt to dispossess the bourgeoisie democratically (via a taxation scheme). The policy was a miserable failure, not least...

belletristic tradition associated with more conventional critics of the period like George Saintsbury or Edmund Gosse. The rise of "professional man" in turn coincides with the final consolidation of power during the nineteenth century in the hands of a capitalist bourgeoisie. 62 By definition professionals are middle class (and in this period male); their discourses are among the means by whic...

After years of mystification and theoretical overemphasis on the role and functions of the state, an increasing number of scholars have recently begun to " demystify " and " disag-gregate " the state's powers and ability to affect change in society. 1 Observers of the Middle East have been no exception, with an overwhelming majority focusing on the impressive, often massive edifices of the stat...