investigating the export function of border markets in iran, using the ann approach ali falahati faculty of economics razi university of kerman minoo nazifi naeini sahar abbaspour abstract nowadays, trade has been introduced as an engine of growth and development in developing countries so states are required to participate in international trade more seriously. one way for expanding participat...

Each of the world's largest retailers---Walmart, Carrefour, Tesco, and Metro---entered China after 1995. Their subsequent expansion in China may have influenced Chinese exports through two channels. First, they may have enhanced bilateral exports between the retailers' Chinese operations and destination countries also served by stores in the retailers' networks. Second, Chinese city-level expor...

In the absence of a global agreement to reduce emissions, Australia has adopted a carbon tax unilaterally to curb its own emissions. During the debate prior to passing the carbon tax legislation, there were concerns about the challenge that Australia’s emissions intensive and trade exposed (EITE) industries may face in terms of decreasing international competitiveness due to the unilateral natu...

Since the late 1990s, reported U.S. imports from China and Hong Kong have regularly and increasingly exceeded reported exports of China and Hong Kong to the United States. This discrepancy, which is not caused by re-exporting through Hong Kong, varies by product categories, and in some cases takes the opposite sign. In this paper, we focus on China’s direct exports to the United States. Using a...

A firm can serve overseas customers by exporting or by producing in the foreign market. Thus, ceteris paribus, one might expect increases in overseas investment to displace exports. However, most empirical work has found a positive relation between the two variables. We use a panel data set containing 25 years of data on 932 Japanese manufacturing firms to investigate the effect direct investme...

We estimate CO2 implicitly contained in traded commodities based on the GTAP 7 data: While net carbon imports into the industrialized countries amount to 15% of their total emissions, net carbon exports of the developing countries amount to 12% of their total emissions, and net carbon exports of China amount to 24% of China's total emissions. We also analyze policies under a global per capita e...

We investigate the dramatic 2008–2009 trade collapse using microdata from a small open economy, Belgium. Belgian trade essentially fell because of reduced quantities and unit prices, rather than fewer firms involved in international transactions, fewer trading partners per firm, or fewer products traded. Our difference-in-difference results point to a fall in the demand for tradables – especial...

We investigate the 2008–2009 trade collapse using microdata from a small open economy, Belgium. Belgian exports and imports mostly fell because of smaller quantities sold and unit prices charged rather than fewer firms, trading partners, and products being involved in trade. Our difference-in-difference results point to a fall in the demand for tradables as the main driver of the collapse. Fina...

Manufacturing firms increasingly engage in service trade activities. Microlevel data show that German manufacturers account for roughly 25% of German cross-border producer service exports. I have found that particular construction, engineering, and R&D services are exported. The machinery industries and automobile and chemicals producers dominate the overall pattern. The types of services expor...

‘e debate on corporate tax reform in the U.S. have included arguments for a ‘border adjustment tax’ that would e‚ectively raise the tax on imported inputs and provide a subsidy to exports. ‘is policy is equivalent to other uniform border taxes such as a combined import tari‚ and export subsidy and a uniform value added tax and payroll subsidy. In this note I argue that contrary to popular argum...