the silver carp (hypophthalmicthys molitrix) compnses about 50% to 85% of the composition offish species in the polyculture system of warm water species in iran. however, the difficulty in preparation of this species and the presence of pin bones are among the main reasons to restrict the demand of this species in the domestic markets, particularly in non­ coastal provinces. the objective of th...

conclusions a high index of suspicion is required for the early diagnosis and prompt treatment of patients with osseous tuberculosis. given the high prevalence of tuberculosis in developing countries, tuberculosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of multifocal lytic lesions and vertebra plana, especially in children. introduction multifocal skeletal tuberculosis is a rare cond...

skeletal tuberculosis is an unusual disease involving bone and joints and it may have different manifestations. this report introduces a 25-year-old woman suffering from chronic knee pain without any response to conservative treatments for one year. x-ray was normal but ct-scan and mri indicated a small lesion in medial condyle of the femur. the patient underwent percutaneous ct-guided biopsy. ...

osteoid osteoma is a benign bone tumor that rarely involves joints. although there are several reports of arthroscopic osteoid osteoma excisions, to our knowledge, there are no reports of this type of treatment for osteoid osteoma in carpal bones. we report two cases of arthroscopic (a person who had a pain in the left wrist and the other one with carpal tunnel syndrome) with excision of osteoi...

conclusions off-loading shoes are suitable modalities to treat forefoot fractures. although no statistically significant difference was found between the groups, but due to the comparable outcomes, high patient satisfaction, and lack of complications, nonoperative treatment of forefoot fractures using off-loading shoes is recommended. results clinical and radiological :union:s were achieved in ...

Background: The sutural bones and fontanelle of the skull display unique morphological characters. Sutural bones are also called supernumerary bones or ossicles or Wormian bones (WB). These are irregular and develop from the independent ossification centers present along the cranial sutures. They appear on periosteal and endosteal surfaces of the skull with variations in size, number, shape, an...