Histological Analysis and Immunohistochemistry Renal sections (3 μm thick) were stained with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and examined under light microscopy. Glomerulosclerosis index was semiquantitatively graded as 0 to 4+; vascular injury score as 0 to 3+; and tubulointerstitial injury score as 0 to 5+, according to the criteria reported previously. Ultrastructure of glomerular podocytes was a...

Rapid, quantitative Western blotting is a long-sought bioanalytical goal in the life sciences. To this end, we describe a Western blotting assay conducted in a single glass microchannel under purely electronic control. The μWestern blot is comprised of multiple steps: sample enrichment, protein sizing, protein immobilization (blotting), and in situ antibody probing. To validate the microfluidic...

Anatomical models have always been a mainstay of descriptive embryology [5]. As the training of embryologists grew in the late 1800s, so too did the need for large-scale teaching models. Embryo wax models, such as those made by Adolf Ziegler [6] and Gustav Born [7], were popular in the latter part of the nineteenth century and the early twentieth century as a way to visualize, in three dimensio...