Bleach digestion of sputum prior to smear preparation has been reported to increase the yield of microscopy for diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis, even in high-HIV-prevalence settings. To determine the diagnostic accuracy of bleach microscopy, we updated a systematic review published in 2006 and applied the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation framework to rate the...

BACKGROUND Bleach-sedimentation may improve microscopy for diagnosing tuberculosis by sterilising sputum and concentrating Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We studied gravity bleach-sedimentation effects on safety, sensitivity, speed and reliability of smear-microscopy. METHODS This blinded, controlled study used sputum specimens (n = 72) from tuberculosis patients. Bleach concentrations and expos...

The use of bleach (hypochlorite) as a disinfectant for drug injection equipment in the intravenous-drug-using population was recommended early in the HIV-1/AIDS epidemic. Epidemiological studies have challenged the use of bleach as an effective measure to prevent HIV-1 transmission. However, in vitro HIV-1 coculture studies have shown that a high concentration of bleach is an effective cytotoxi...

The present study compares the efficacy of various disinfectants against Bacillus anthracis spores. While Bleach Rite(®) and 10% bleach reduce spore numbers by 90% within 10 minutes, a long contact time is required for complete disinfection. By contrast, although SporGon(®) did not initially reduce the number of spores as quickly as Bleach Rite or 10% bleach, shorter contact times were required...

Small bleaches were used to study the rhodopsin regeneration process. At bleaches from 5.2% to 24.7%, the rhodopsin regenerations were consistent with a one-for-one recovery of bleached molecules. At response saturation rod photoreceptors exhibit a bleach level of only 5%. Major increases in rhodopsin regeneration were observed at bleach levels between 1.3% and 5.2%. The rhodopsin regenerations...

BACKGROUND Bleach baths have been proposed as a treatment for decreasing the severity of atopic dermatitis (AD). However, conflicting results have been found regarding their efficacy. OBJECTIVE To determine the efficacy of bleach vs water baths at decreasing AD severity. METHODS We performed a systematic review of all studies evaluating the efficacy of bleach baths for AD. Cochrane, EMBASE,...

CHCl3 and CCl4 were the dominating halogenated VOCs in chlorine bleach products. Indoor air VOC estimates indicated substantial increases from bleach use. Carcinogenic risks from the use of bleach products may be considerably high. a r t i c l e i n f o

1. Recordings from single axons of retinal ganglion cells in the rat's optic tract were used to determine whether bleaching a small area of the receptive field reduced sensitivity globally or locally, near the bleached photoreceptors. 2. When a suprathreshold test spot was alternated between two equally sensitive positions, the ganglion cell gave an approximately balanced response. The balance ...

Background: Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) method proves to be a good modality of microscopic detection of Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) in Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) smears of lymph nodes though has a low sensitivity. It has a potential to become an even more valuable tool if its sensitivity could be increased. Objective: To improve microscopic detection of AFB in FNA cytology of lymph nodes using modified bl...