The nucleotide sequences of 59 bla(TEM) genes encoding inhibitor-resistant TEM enzymes showed great genetic variability and were associated with different types of promoters. These findings led us to suggest an updated bla(TEM) gene nomenclature based on the origin of the bla(TEM) gene (bla(TEM-1A), bla(TEM-1B), bla(TEM-1C), bla(TEM-1D), bla(TEM-1E), and bla(TEM-1F)) and the promoter type.

Cephalosporin resistance, particularly due to bla(TEM) encoded β-lactamases, among Enterobacteriaceae is, though, an increasing public health problem in India; their circulating genetic variants remain unknown. The present study deals with determination of bla(TEM) variants among 134 pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae of Indian origin. Their resistance profile against 3rd generation cephalosporins w...

bla(TEM-1) expression results in penicillin resistance, whereas expression of many bla(TEM-1) descendants, called extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs), results simultaneously in resistance to penicillins and extended-spectrum cephalosporins. Despite the expanded resistance phenotypes conferred by many ESBLs, bla(TEM-1) is still the most abundant bla(TEM) allele in many microbial population...

BACKGROUND Penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorroheae (PPNG) was first isolated in 1976. PPNG strains carrying bla TEM-1 and bla TEM-135 gene have been described in different countries. Recently, a novel bla TEM-220 allele was detected in PPNG isolates carrying Toronto/Rio plasmid. The prevalence and characteristics of TEM-220 strains worldwide are unknown, and therefore, it needs to be stud...

OBJECTIVES To investigate the diversity of plasmids that carry bla(TEM-52) genes among Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica originating from animals, meat products and humans. METHODS A collection of 22 bla(TEM-52)-encoding plasmids was characterized by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), replicon typing (by PCR or replicon sequencing), susceptibility testing, assessment of p...

OBJECTIVES To determine if the TEM beta-lactamases of Haemophilus influenzae are TEM-1 or derivatives thereof and associated exclusively with the overlapping Pa/Pb promoters. METHODS Single nucleotide specific PCR was used to discriminate the polymorphic nucleotides at positions 32 and 317 of the bla(TEM) genes of a collection of TEM-positive strains. RESULTS All bla(TEM) genes were found t...

It is known that Aeromonas spp. possess different chromosomal β-lactamase genes. Presence and phenotypic expression of bla TEM, bla SHV, and bla CTX-M ESBL-encoding genes were investigated in environmental water isolates of Aeromonas hydrophila and Aeromonas jandaei. Presence of bla SHV and bla CTX-M genes was not observed, and bla TEM gene was verified in 91% of the isolates. Sequencing of 10 ...

INTRODUCTION Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) are bacterial enzymes capable of hydrolyzing beta-lactams. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of TEM- and SHV-type ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae strains in Zahedan, Southeast Iran. METHODS A total of 170 non-repetitive K. pneumoniae strains were collected from patients referred to three teaching hospitals of Zahed...

A nationwide survey was carried out in Korea to assess the prevalence of Shigella strains producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs). From 1991 to 2002, 5,911 clinical strains were isolated and screened for resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins. Twenty of the Shigella isolates were ESBL positive, based on the synergistic effects between clavulanate and selected beta-lactams (c...

conclusions considering the high prevalence of esbl genes (bla ctx-m, 87%; and bla tem, 82%), fluoroquinolones may be used as an alternative drug in treatment, although resistance to this family is increasing as well. as a result, this increasing trend should be prevented using appropriate guidelines for prescription. background escherichia coli is the most important as well as the most common ...