To detect the theft of Java class files efficiently, we propose a concept of Java birthmarks, which are unique and native characteristics of every class file. For a pair of class files p and q, if q has the same birthmark as p’s, q is suspected as a copy of p. Ideally, the birthmarks should satisfy the following properties: (a) preservation – the birthmarks should be preserved even if the origi...

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ 200402.tex ABSTRACT To detect theft of Java class files efficiently, we have so far proposed a concept of Java birthmarks. Since the birthmarks are unique and native characteristics of every class file, a class file with the same birthmark of another can be easily suspected as a copy. However, performance and tolerance of the birthmarks against sophisticated attacks had not been evaluat...

This paper proposes dynamic software birthmarks which can be extracted during execution of Windows applications. Birthmarks are unique and native characteristics of software. For a pair of software p and q, if q has the same birthmarks as p’s, q is suspected as a copy of p. Our security analysis showed that the proposed birthmark has good tolerance against various kinds of program transformatio...

BACKGROUND The prevalence of birthmarks in Taiwanese newborns has not been well studied. How gender and maturity of newborns affect presentation and prevalence of vascular birthmarks, in particular, has not been well documented. The aim of this survey was to catalog the above-mentioned problems. METHODS From May 9 through July 14, 2000, 500 newborns in Linkou and Taipei Chang Gung Memorial Ho...

Almost nothing is known about why pigmented birthmarks (moles or nevi) occur in particular locations of the skin. The causes of most birth defects are also unknown. About 35% of children who claim to remember previous lives have birthmarks and/or birth defects that they (or adult informants) attribute to wounds on a person whose life the child remembers. The cases of 210 such children have been...

Dynamic birthmarking used to be an effective approach to detecting software plagiarism. Yet the new trend towards multithreaded programming renders existing algorithms almost useless, due to the fact that thread scheduling nondeterminism severely perturbs birthmark generation and comparison. In this paper, we redesign birthmark based software plagiarism detection algorithms to make such approac...

Introduction Birthmarks are common ( 8% to 10%) in newborns. Most birthmarks represent vascular and pigmentary lesions. The natural history of these lesions varies from being transient phenomena and essentially normal variants of no clinical significance to permanent cutaneous abnormalities that may be associated with significant systemic complications or diseases. Table 1 lists some neonatal s...

This paper presents a technique of dynamic software birthmarks to support efficient detection of software theft. A dynamic birthmark f(p, I) is a set of unique and native characteristics of a program p, obtained by executing p with a given input I . For a pair of software p and q, if f(p, I) = f(q, I) holds, q is suspected as a copy of p. In this paper, we propose two kinds of dynamic birthmark...

Ð In an effort to contribute to the understanding of the origin of birthmarks and birth defects from the perspective of reincarnation, cases of children with memories of previous life and congenital anomalies were investigated in India, mostly in the 1990s. Reports of ten such cases are presented. The principal methods of investigation were interviews with several firsthand informants on the su...