results analyzing of collected data resulted in the wrapping up the hepatitis virus detection methods in separate sections including 1) immunological methods such as enzyme immunoassay (eia), radio-immunoassay (ria) immuno-chromatographic assay (ica), and immuno-chemiluminescence 2) molecular approaches including non-amplification and amplification based methods, and finally 3) advanced biosens...

Visible light-activated localized surface plasmon resonance-based photoelectrochemical detection is reported for the first time.

A multi-channel continuous-flow ana]yzer equipped with biosensing deyices was deyeloped for multicomponent measurement and its use in automating routine analysis was evaluated. Biosensing was achieyed by the aid of an immobilized enzyme reactor insta]led in the channel, and the channe] switching process for the sensing of a different compound was made by using a column-switching rotary valve. A...

A high-throughput optical biosensing technique is proposed and demonstrated. This hybrid technique combines optical transmission of nanoholes with colorimetric silver staining. The size and spacing of the nanoholes are chosen so that individual nanoholes can be independently resolved in massive parallel using an ordinary transmission optical microscope, and, in place of determining a spectral s...

Biochemical sensors have emerged as a dynamic technique for qualitative and quantitative analysis of different analytes in clinical diagnosis, environmental monitoring, and food and process control. The need for a low-cost, reliable, ultra-sensitive, and rapid sensor continues to grow as the complexity of application areas increases. New biosensing techniques are emerging due to the need for sh...

Operation of an α-hemolysin nanopore transduction detector is found to be surprisingly robust over a critical range of pH (6-9), including physiological pH = 7.4 and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) pH = 8.4, and extreme chaotrope concentration, including 5 M urea. The engineered transducer molecule that is captured in the standard α-hemolysin nanopore detector, to transform it into a transducti...

Application of force on biomolecules has been instrumental in understanding biofunctional behaviour from single molecules to complex collections of cells. Current approaches, for example, those based on atomic force microscopy or magnetic or optical tweezers, are powerful but limited in their applicability as integrated biosensors. Here we describe a new force-based biosensing technique based o...

Fluorescence spectroscopy has been widely investigated as a technique for identifying pathological tissue; however, unrelated subject-to-subject variations in spectra complicate data analysis and interpretation. We describe and evaluate a new biosensing technique, differential laser-induced perturbation spectroscopy (DLIPS), based on deep ultraviolet (UV) photochemical perturbation in combinati...

Nonspecific surface binding of small protein molecules presents a major obstacle to surface biosensing techniques attempting to detect very low concentrations ( 1 pg/mm) of large biological objects such as cells and bacteria. A new method for selective desensitization of a polarimetric waveguide interferometer eliminates the background noise from nonspecific surface binding. We demonstrate the ...