This article is describing the nine principle techniques for the gene transfection, which are: (1) lipid-mediated method; (2) calcium-phosphate mediated; (3) DEAE-dextran-mediated; (4) electroporation; (5) biolistics (gene gun); (6) viral vectors; (7) polybrene; (8) laser transfection; (9) gene transfection enhanced by elevated temperature, as the references for the researchers who are interest...

Most plastid transformation studies with tobacco, and all reports for other species (except tomato [G.D. Nugent, M. ten Have, A. van der Gulik, P.J. Dix, B.A. Uijtewaal, A.P. Mordhorst, Plastid transformants of tomato selected using mutations affecting ribosome structure. Plant Cell Rep. 24 (2005) 341–349]), have used biolistics for plastid transformation. However, nuclear transformation via bi...

Current procedures for introduction of DNA into Drosophila embryos require the time-consuming microinjection of DNA solution into individual embryos (1, 2). A procedure has recently been used successfully in plants, yeast and cultured cells for the ballistic introduction of DNA via tungsten (W) particles (3-5) . Using a modification of this procedure for Drosophila embryos, we have obtained tra...

Modified versions of the Cry3A gene of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) were transferred into Norway spruce (Picea abies). Both the biolistic approach and Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated procedure were employed for transformation of embryogenic tissue (ET) cultures. The latter method proved to be more efficient yielding 70 transgenic embryogenic tissue lines compared with 18 lines obtained by bio...

A major advantage of hippocampal slice preparations is that the cytoarchitecture and synaptic circuits of the hippocampus are largely retained. In neurotoxicology research, organotypic hippocampal slices have mostly been used as acute ex vivo preparations for investigating the effects of neurotoxic chemicals on synaptic function. More recently, hippocampal slice cultures, which can be maintaine...