many scholars at the present and in the past have tried to portray abulfida’ isma‘il ibn ‘umar ibn al-kathir ad-dimashghi as a truthful historian and without any fanaticism. however, the content of his “al-bidayah wa n-nihayah” indicates his utmost religious fanaticism, hiding and distorting truths, lack of politeness in writing, turning away from islamic ethics and even contradicting himself a...

Pembahasan mengenai “manusia ideal” masih sangat layak untuk dikaji. Dalam buku insan kamil fi marifah al awakhir wa al-awail karya Abdul Karim al-jili, dalam pembahasannya menjelaskan konsep manusia ideal dengan term masing-masing. Insan Kamil merupakan sebuah cerminan dari karakter yang telah memenuhi potensi dirinya, tujuan menemukan jalan menunju Allah Dengan menggunakan kajian pustaka dan ...

METHODS These studies were designed to assess whether wheat polyphenols (mainly ferulic acid [FA]) increased the very-long-chain omega-3 fatty acids (VLC n-3) [eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)] in rats. Wheat aleurone (WA) was used as a dietary source of wheat polyphenols. Two experiments were performed; in the first one, the rats were fed WA or control pellets (CP) in...

To each symmetric n × n matrix W with non-zero complex entries, we associate a vector space N , consisting of certain symmetric n × n matrices. If W satisfies n ∑ x=1 Wa,x Wb,x = nδa,b (a, b = 1, . . . , n), then N becomes a commutative algebra under both ordinary matrix product and Hadamard product (entry-wise product), so that N is the Bose-Mesner algebra of some association scheme. If W sati...

This is an introduction to the algebraic theory of periodic arithmetical maps. The topic is connected with number theory, combinatorics, algebra and analysis. 1. Various Backgrounds I. Combinatorial Background. For n ∈ Z = {1, 2, 3, · · · } and a ∈ R(n) = {0, 1, · · · , n− 1}, let a(n) = a+ nZ = {x ∈ Z : x ≡ a (mod n)} = {· · · , a− n, a, a+ n, · · · } and call it a residue class with modulus n...

Recall from Garsia’s paper that Ba is the group algebra Q(Sn) element Ba = 1 2 3 · · · a Wa,n = ∑ α∈Sa α Wa,n, where Wa,n is the word Wa,n = (a+ 1)(a+ 2) · · ·n. The motivation is that we have a deck of cards labelled 1, 2, . . . , n, and Ba represents all possible decks that may result from removing the cards 1, 2, . . . , a and then inserting them back into the deck (consisting of the cards a...

Let Γ be any canonical left cell of the affine Weyl group Wa of type e An−1, n > 1. We describe the lower boundary hyperplanes for Γ, which answer two questions of Humphreys. Let Wa be an affine Weyl group with Φ the root system of the corresponding Weyl group. Fix a positive root system Φ of Φ, there is a bijection from Wa to the set of alcoves in the euclidean space E spanned by Φ. We identif...