OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between the numbers of people walking or bicycling and the frequency of collisions between motorists and walkers or bicyclists. The common wisdom holds that the number of collisions varies directly with the amount of walking and bicycling. However, three published analyses of collision rates at specific intersections found a non-linear relationship, such th...

Bicycling appears in the literature on urban mobility as a more sustainable transportation mode for future transportation, based empirical evidence of potential benefits bicycling environment, society, and health. In this context, public interventions to promote maintain practice its positive effects are salient. This article reviews different cycling policies with respect facilities present co...

PURPOSE Public health professionals hypothesize that when community environments provide suitable walking and bicycling conditions, community members will be more active. Measurement indicators and assessment instruments are needed to evaluate suitability. This study determined the reliability and validity of two instruments to assess the suitability of sidewalks for walking and roads for bicyc...

Little is known about bicycling to school as children age. At baseline (2002) self-report data from 1070 children were gathered (51.9% boys; mean age: 10 years).The measurements were repeated in 2003 (n = 1039), 2004 (n = 907), 2005 (n = 549) and 2008 (n = 515). The rates of children bicycling to school significantly varied across time points from 46% at the age of ten, 69% at the age of 11, 83...

Transportation policies and plans encourage non-motorized transportation and the establishment of performance measures to assess progress towards multi-modal system goals. Challenges in fostering walking and bicycling include the lack of data for measuring rates of walking and bicycling over time and 5! differences in pedestrians and bicyclists and the trips they make. This paper analyzes trave...

BACKGROUND The impact of walking and bicycling on insulin resistance (IR) in women with abdominal obesity is unclear. METHODS Pooled analysis of data from a randomized trial on physically active commuting (bicycling + walking vs walking only) in women with abdominal obesity [n = 98; age:47.3 ± 7.6 yrs; waist circumference (WC):103.1 ± 7.8 cm]. Bicycling and walking data were collected during ...

CONTEXT Child and adolescent bicycling is beneficial, but injuries occur and can be severe and costly. OBJECTIVE To systematically review the individual and environmental factors associated with bicycling injury risk in children and adolescents. DATA SOURCES Fourteen electronic databases were searched. STUDY SELECTION Two authors independently assessed potentially relevant articles for el...

To study the release of lactate from muscle and its relationship to the blood lactate concentration during and after intense bicycling, young men cycled at 5.5 W kg(-1) body mass for 2 min to exhaustion or stopped after 1 min (nonexhaustive ride). The leg's release of lactate during and after each ride was taken from the measured blood flow and lactate concentrations in arterial and femoral-ven...

Although bicycling and walking involve similar complex coordinated movements, surprisingly Parkinson's patients with freezing of gait typically remain able to bicycle despite severe difficulties in walking. This observation suggests functional differences in the motor networks subserving bicycling and walking. However, a direct comparison of brain activity related to bicycling and walking has n...