BACKGROUND The aim of this retrospective study was to measure tooth and crowns axes of canines, first and second bicuspids of orthodontically untreated subjects with near normal occlusion to: 1. Define norms and reveal potential gender differences and 2. Discuss implications of the findings for orthodontics. METHODS The CBCT-datasets of 167 patients, 56 males (mean age 28.63 years ± 11.99 yea...

dental anatomical variations play a significant role in the diagnosis and a successful treatment outcome in endodontics. it is essential for the clinician to have a clear picture and understanding of the pulpal anatomy and its variations. in a mandibular second premolar, it is rare to find extra roots and canals. the aim of the present article is to report a case about the successful diagnosis,...

BACKGROUND Fibre reinforced composites (FRC) can be used to join teeth as a rigid unit for anchorage purposes and/or for tooth movement. The utility of FRCs for these applications depends on the fracture characteristics and durability of the material under masticatory loads. AIMS To evaluate the effect of simulated masticatory loads on the fracture characteristics of FRC bars joining two bicu...

The Pendulum appliance is one of the most terrific and useful appliances for the treatment of Class II malocclusions in non-compliant patients. As reported by Hilgers, the appliance has its anterior anchorage based on a Nance button which can be connected to the first premolars (or the first deciduous molars) and to the second bicuspids (or second deciduous molars) using bonded occlusal rests. ...

The purpose of this study was to produce an estimated equation for the prediction of unerupted cuspids and bicuspids for the Saudi population. In this study, dental casts of 65 Saudi subjects (37 males and 28 females) were used. The subjects' age ranged from 18 to 25 years. The mesiodistal width of all permanent teeth was measured. The data was subjected to regression analysis. Results showed t...

INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to determine in anterior teeth, bicuspids, and molars (1) the accuracy of 3 different electronic apex locators (EALs) in detecting the apical foramen and (2) the accuracy of digital radiography in determining the working length (WL), compared with visible control under a microscope. METHODS By using radiovideography (RVG), we measured the lengths of 120 ...

Germectomy (enucleation) of the first bicuspids has shown to be an effective treatment in management dental crowding mixed dentition because it produces intraosseous decongestion mass between permanent canines and second bicuspids. This provides early available space for autonomic eruption without interference from bicuspid canine which erupts into a highly stable position within arch, facilita...