In this article, nine complete genomes of viruses from the genus Alphanodavirus and Betanodavirus (Family Nodaviridae) were comparatively analyzed and the data of their evolutionary origins and relatedness are reported. The nucleotide sequence alignment of the complete genomes from all species and their deduced evolutionary relationships are presented. High sequence similarity within the genus ...

Betanodavirus, commonly called nervous necrosis virus (NNV) of fish, has emerged as a major constraint on marine aquaculture worldwide. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of a betanodavirus (strain CsCN128) isolated from diseased half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) in China. The genome sequence of strain CsCN128 shares ≥98.7% similarity with seven-band grouper nervous nec...

Betanodaviruses, members of the family Nodaviridae, are the causal agents of viral nervous necrosis (VNN) in many species of marine farmed fish. In the aquaculture industry, outbreaks of betanodavirus infection result in devastating damage and heavy economic losses. Although an urgent need exists to develop drugs against betanodavirus infection, there have been few reports about antibetanodavir...

Investigation on the brain-tropism was carried out through direct injection of virus into vitreous body eye using five marine fish species: kelp grouper, striped jack, Japanese flounder, threeline grunt and yellow tail. When brains intravitreously-injected (106 TCID50 Fish-1) were examined at 72 h post infection, jack nervous necrosis (SJNNV; type species genus Betanodavirus) frequently detecte...

Betanodavirus is the pathogen of viral nervous necrosis (VNN) disease that has caused mass mortality among many species of marine fish at larval stage. In this study, the efficacy of inactivated betanodavirus was evaluated by bath-immunization and bath-challenge of orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) at early larval stage. Two kinds of chemicals were used for inactivation of the virus...

Betanodavirus B2 belongs to a group of functionally related proteins from the sense-strand RNA virus family Nodaviridae that suppress cellular RNA interference. The B2 proteins of insect alphanodaviruses block RNA interference by binding to double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), thus preventing Dicer-mediated cleavage and the subsequent generation of short interfering RNAs. We show here that the fish bet...

Betanodavirus is a causative agent of viral nervous necrosis syndrome in many important aquaculture marine fish larvae, resulting in high global mortality. The coat protein of Betanodavirus is the sole structural protein, and it can assemble the virion particle by itself. In this study, we used a high-titer neutralizing mAB, RG-M18, to identify the linear B-cell epitope on the viral coat protei...

Viral nervous necrosis (VNN) is a worldwide disease affecting several species of cultured marine fish. In Korea, VNN has been identified in several species of cultured marine fish. In this study, the authors present data of the amplified nested polymerase chain reaction product (420 bp) of 21 nodavirus strains from different species of apparently healthy wild marine fish on the southern coast o...

Betanodaviruses are the causative agents of viral nervous necrosis (VNN), a devastating disease for the Mediterranean mariculture. Four different betanodavirus species are recognized, Striped jack-, Redspotted grouper-, Tiger puffer-, and Barfin flounder nervous necrosis virus (SJNNV, RGNNV, TPNNV and BFNNV), but there is little knowledge on their antigenic properties. In order to describe the ...