Electronic supplementary material is available online at https://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9. figshare.c.3850918. & 2017 The Authors. Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited. Can hook-bending be let off the hook? Bending/u...

In recent decades, one of the challenges in sheet metal forming was production of two-step bending surfaces without mechanical tools and external force or by a combination of heat source and mechanical tools. Forming with a heat source such as laser beam has the potential for forming arbitrary 3D shapes such as two-step bending surfaces. In this paper a novel method for laser forming of complic...

this research is carried out to design and manufacturing of lathe vibration tool and their tests. firstly, one-dimensional vibration tool is designed and made of the bending vibration mode. one-dimensional vibration tool with half piezoelectric rings is considered to excite the bending mode of tool. structure of vibration tool is designed in abaqus software about 20 khz and then is made with re...

Sheet metal bending processes are applied in a multitude of mechanical parts. The process involves optimising the sequence of designated bends taking into account the total processing and handling time, avoiding collisions of the sheet metal with tools and machine and respecting the dimensional accuracy constraints of the part. Experienced operators employ expert rules to define possible differ...