With their deeper procedural knowledge, experts are superior to beginners in solving ill-defined problems. To support beginners, we suggest using a method for presenting complex, heterogeneous data that can serve as a good basis for visualizing its inherent information. To demonstrate this approach, we conducted focus group interviews with temporal data analysts to identify their problem solvin...

Both teaching and learning concurrent programming are not easy tasks, in particular, for those beginners who have learnt and experienced sequential programming. However, there is no learning environment for beginners to learn concurrent programming enjoyably. In order to provide a learning environment by which beginners can learn and understand various concepts on concurrency naturally in playi...

This paper aimed to show specific differences in cognitive representation of movement between experts and beginners. The sailing-surfer’s frontal loop was chosen for an empirical study concerning differences in cognitive structures. As beginners, persons were chosen who were able to carry out this loop at the end of special courses (N=21). The expert group (N=19) consisted of athletes who had m...