liberalism as the basic ideology of the most western political orders has believed in its basic principals to fundamental human rights including the privacy and the realm that should be privileged from any one especially the public authority. however the public authorities frequently in the excuse of protection of the order and security or the necessity situation have confined the liberties and...

a little noted but notable thing in international law is the fact that states ever comply with its stipulations and strictures voluntarily, this denoting to the legitimacy of the international system and the existence of the international legal community. international obligations erga omnes, including those deriving from the principles and rules concerning the basic rights of the human person ...

Background: Utilitarianism is a school whose founders have justified it by emphasizing consequentialism as a public interest. The school of utilitarianism is a moral and naturalistic school that justifies principles such as justice and individual and collective freedoms. For utilitarian, one cannot rely solely on individual interests and neglect the collective interest or group interest. Human ...

the inhuman acts of israel in the gaza strip (2008-9) have seriously violated the international humanitarian law.international documents such as the geneva convention (iv) and additional protocol to the geneva conventions (ii) relating to protecting civilians during armed conflicts have clearly indicated violation of humanitarian law during israeli’s deadly offensive at the turn of the year. u...

Jane Addams, Florence Kelley, and second-generation Hull House activist Grace Abbott were at the forefront of a reconstruction early twentieth-century American democracy. They worked to reframe U.S. political democracy, expanding its focus beyond individual rights caring for social community. The movement away from laissez-faire government toward state federal legislation protecting children, w...

lineage in the islamic law is one of the most basic human rights each individual inherits from his family. when modern assisted reproductive technologies appeared in recent decades, the issue of lineage and the child’s rights did not encounter serious challenges. but with the advent of these technologies, the issue of the child’s lineage resulting from new technologies has become the center of ...

abstract the penal legal procedure is a certain mechanism to find out the crime with respect to the behavior of the accused and the guilty. this mechanism must ensure the principles which guarantee justice and fairness, and provide the individual rights and freedoms that are the extreme goal of every just fair legal procedure. so in the proper execution of islamic commands, the necessity of obs...